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Biodiversidade e Urbanização: Estudo da distribuição, diversidade e abundância de vertebrados silvestres nos espaços naturais, seminaturais e urbanos do concelho de Odivelas, Portugal
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Resumo(s)
A urbanização tem vindo a aumentar nas últimas décadas provocando alterações nos usos do solo.
Estas alterações têm muitas vezes consequências negativas para a biodiversidade, devido à destruição e
fragmentação dos habitats, entre outros aspetos. Este estudo pretendeu perceber qual a influência dos
diferentes usos do solo, tanto naturais como urbanos, do concelho de Odivelas, na distribuição dos
diferentes grupos de vertebrados em diferentes estações do ano. Para tal, foram definidos sete habitats
consoante o uso do solo presente, e a área de estudo foi dividida numa grelha de 16 quadrículas de
2x2Km nas quais foram amostrados os cinco grupos de vertebrados. Foram utilizadas diferentes técnicas
de amostragem para cada um dos grupos-alvo. Para a ictiofauna foram realizados transectos de pesca
elétrica. Para a herpetofauna foram realizados transectos de procura de indivíduos e capturas de anfíbios
em pontos de água. A mamofauna foi dividida em mamíferos voadores (morcegos) e terrestres, tendo
sido realizados pontos de escuta móveis e fixos para os voadores e transectos de procura de indícios e
fotoarmadilhagem para os terrestres. Para a avifauna foram definidos 63 pontos de observação, 11
pontos de escuta para aves noturnas e três pontos de observação de aves planadoras. Foram detetadas
108 espécies de vertebrados, 31 das quais não estavam previamente documentadas no concelho. O baixo
número de deteções nos grupos de ictiofauna, herpetofauna e mamíferos terrestres não nos permitem
tirar conclusões com robustez estatística. No entanto, conseguimos perceber que diferentes espécies de
morcegos apresentam períodos de atividade diferentes consoante o habitat onde estes se encontravam.
Por fim, os dados da avifauna, mostram-nos uma clara diferença de diversidade e abundância entre
habitats e estações: eucaliptais e os meios urbanos apresentam uma menor abundância e diversidade de
aves, contrastando com as florestas de vegetação nativa, que apresentam os valores mais elevados de
entre os habitats estudados. O aumento da população humana tem como consequência o aumento das
regiões urbanas, no entanto, este estudo permitiu-nos perceber a importância de preservar os espaços
verdes naturais e de integrá-los nas urbanizações.
Urbanisation has increased in recent decades, causing changes in land use. These changes often have negative consequences for biodiversity due to the destruction and fragmentation of habitats, among other aspects. This study aims to understand the influence of different land uses, both natural and urban, in the municipality of Odivelas on the distribution of different vertebrate groups in different seasons. To this end, seven habitats were defined according to the land use present, and the study area was divided into a grid of 16 squares in which the five vertebrate groups were sampled. Different sampling techniques were used for each of the target groups. For the ichthyofauna, electrofishing transects were carried out. For the herpetofauna, transects were made to search for individuals and capture amphibians at water points. Mammofauna was divided into flying mammals (bats) and terrestrial mammals. Mobile and fixed listening points were set up for the flying mammals, and for the terrestrial mammals, transects were set up to look for evidence and photo-trapping. For birdlife, 63 observation points were defined, 11 listening points for nocturnal birds and three observation points for gliding birds. A total of 108 vertebrate species were detected, 31 of which had not previously been documented in the municipality. The low number of detections in the ichthyofauna, herpetofauna and terrestrial mammal groups does not allow us to draw statistically robust conclusions. However, we were able to realise that different bat species have different activity periods depending on the habitat in which they are found. Finally, the birdlife data shows us a clear difference in diversity and abundance between habitats and seasons: eucalyptus plantations and urban areas have a lower abundance and diversity of birds, in contrast to forests with native vegetation, which have the highest values of all the habitats studied. The increase in human population has led to an increase in urban areas, but this study has allowed us to understand the importance of preserving natural green spaces and integrating them into urban developments.
Urbanisation has increased in recent decades, causing changes in land use. These changes often have negative consequences for biodiversity due to the destruction and fragmentation of habitats, among other aspects. This study aims to understand the influence of different land uses, both natural and urban, in the municipality of Odivelas on the distribution of different vertebrate groups in different seasons. To this end, seven habitats were defined according to the land use present, and the study area was divided into a grid of 16 squares in which the five vertebrate groups were sampled. Different sampling techniques were used for each of the target groups. For the ichthyofauna, electrofishing transects were carried out. For the herpetofauna, transects were made to search for individuals and capture amphibians at water points. Mammofauna was divided into flying mammals (bats) and terrestrial mammals. Mobile and fixed listening points were set up for the flying mammals, and for the terrestrial mammals, transects were set up to look for evidence and photo-trapping. For birdlife, 63 observation points were defined, 11 listening points for nocturnal birds and three observation points for gliding birds. A total of 108 vertebrate species were detected, 31 of which had not previously been documented in the municipality. The low number of detections in the ichthyofauna, herpetofauna and terrestrial mammal groups does not allow us to draw statistically robust conclusions. However, we were able to realise that different bat species have different activity periods depending on the habitat in which they are found. Finally, the birdlife data shows us a clear difference in diversity and abundance between habitats and seasons: eucalyptus plantations and urban areas have a lower abundance and diversity of birds, in contrast to forests with native vegetation, which have the highest values of all the habitats studied. The increase in human population has led to an increase in urban areas, but this study has allowed us to understand the importance of preserving natural green spaces and integrating them into urban developments.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Biologia da Conservação, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Palavras-chave
Ecologia urbana Urbanização Vertebrados Aves Morcegos Teses de mestrado - 2024