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O contributo das companhias aéreas de baixo custo para o desenvolvimento dos hostels nas cidades de Lisboa e Porto
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| Tese | 11.22 MB | Adobe PDF | ||
| Anexos | 3.2 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Portugal não foi exceção ao crescimento mundial das companhias aéreas de baixo custo, cujo modelo de negócio tem sido responsável por novos fluxos de tráfego e novos modelos de alojamento. Lisboa e Porto, a par de outros aeroportos nacionais, possuem bases operacionais das principais companhias aéreas de baixo custo europeias – Ryanair e easyJet – que têm contribuído para o aumento do tráfego nesses aeroportos e ganhos de quota de mercado às companhias tradicionais instaladas. À medida que as companhias aéreas de baixo custo se foram instalando em Lisboa e Porto, assistia-se a um desenvolvimento do turismo e ao crescimento de novos tipos de alojamento, em especial ao nível dos hostels. Por outro lado, a aposta na preservação e reabilitação urbana contribuiu igualmente para que muitos destes novos negócios se instalassem na Baixa das cidades de Lisboa e Porto. O objetivo desta investigação será, deste modo, compreender o contributo que estas companhias aéreas poderão ter dado para o aumento dos hostels nestas cidades e avaliar o comportamento desses fluxos turísticos. Sendo os hostels tradicionalmente identificados com turismo jovem, o objetivo foi igualmente perceber se esse é ou não o principal cliente dos hostels, e se, caso não existissem as companhias aéreas de baixo custo, estes estariam disponíveis para continuar a visitar estas cidades. As várias hipóteses de investigação, apoiadas através dos questionários aos hostels, aos turistas dos hostels, aos hotéis e a um painel de especialistas, permitiram criar uma base sólida de informação que contribuiu para dar respostas aos desafios lançados. Tal como em muitos dos países onde as companhias aéreas de baixo custo têm presença regular, também as cidades de Lisboa e Porto souberam aproveitar essa oportunidade, a par de outras, para capitalizar a importância que o turismo tem hoje na economia nacional. A sua presença, com mais validade do Porto, mostra o quão importante têm sido para o desenvolvimento do turismo e para o aparecimento de uma nova realidade no alojamento turístico. Foi igualmente relevante perceber que a maioria dos turistas dos hostels é utilizadora regular das companhias aéreas de baixo custo, mais uma vez, com uma evidência mais vincada no mercado do Porto. Se é certo que algumas investigações já apontavam para a importância do turismo jovem para os hostels, também em Lisboa e no Porto essa realidade se mostrou verdadeira. Apesar do muito que se tem escrito sobre a ameaça dos hostels para a hotelaria tradicional, foi possível constatar que essa situação não se verifica, embora existam algumas queixas da hotelaria, devido a regras diferenciadas e níveis de responsabilização e de fiscalização diferentes entre hotéis e hostels. Os modelos de negócio, segmentos e posicionamentos diferentes deixaram claro que, cada um deles, tem um papel importante a desempenhar no turismo. Embora, em termos globais, existam algumas convergências de aspetos sobre o tipo de cliente utilizador dos hostels e das suas motivações, existem algumas diferenças na realidade do mercado do Porto e de Lisboa, em especial dada a maior dependência do mercado do Norte de Portugal das companhias aéreas de baixo custo.
Portugal was no exception to the growth of low cost carriers worldwide, which business model has been responsible for new flows of traffic and new models of accommodation. Lisbon and Oporto, as well as other Portuguese airports, have operational bases from the main European low cost carriers – Ryanair and easyJet – who contributed to the increase of traffic in those airports, and gain of market share to the installed full service carriers. The presence of low cost carriers in Lisbon and Oporto has meant a new development of tourism and the growth of new types of accommodation, particularly in terms of hostels. On the other hand, the focus in the urban preservation and reabilitation contributed also for the instalation of many new businesses in Lisbon and Oporto downtown. The main purpose of this investigation will be to understand the low cost carriers’ contribution for the increase of hostels in those cities, and evaluate the behaviour of those touristic flows. As hostels are tradicionally identified with youth tourism, the objective is also to understand if they are (or not) the main customers in an hostel and, if no low cost operations where available, they were still open to continue to visit those cities. The different hypotheses of investigation, supported by questionnaires to the hostels, tourists in the hostels, hoteliers and a professional pannel, permitted to create a solid base of information to meet the challenges posed. As in many other countries where low cost carriers have a regular presence, Lisbon and Oporto also took advantage of that opportunity, alongside others, to capitalize the importance that tourism has nowadays in national economy. Its presence, with greater validity in Oporto, shows how important they are for the development of tourism and the emergence of a new reality in touristic accommodation. It was also relevant to understand the majority of tourists in hostels are regular users of low cost carriers, again, with better statistical evidence in Oporto market. If it is true that some investigations pointed out the importance of the youth tourism for the hostels, that reality shown to be true for Lisbon and Oporto too. Despite all of the information being written regarding the threat of hostels to hotels, it was possible to verify that situation doesn’t exist, although the existence of some complains from hoteliers, due to different rules applied and different levels of responsabilities and supervision between hotels and hostels. The different business models, market segments and positioning shows clearly that everyone has an important role to play in tourism. Although, globally, some convergence of aspects exists about the type of customer that prefers hostels and their motivations, there are some diferences between markets of Lisbon and Oporto, especially due to the bigger dependency of the North of Portugal from low cost carriers.
Portugal was no exception to the growth of low cost carriers worldwide, which business model has been responsible for new flows of traffic and new models of accommodation. Lisbon and Oporto, as well as other Portuguese airports, have operational bases from the main European low cost carriers – Ryanair and easyJet – who contributed to the increase of traffic in those airports, and gain of market share to the installed full service carriers. The presence of low cost carriers in Lisbon and Oporto has meant a new development of tourism and the growth of new types of accommodation, particularly in terms of hostels. On the other hand, the focus in the urban preservation and reabilitation contributed also for the instalation of many new businesses in Lisbon and Oporto downtown. The main purpose of this investigation will be to understand the low cost carriers’ contribution for the increase of hostels in those cities, and evaluate the behaviour of those touristic flows. As hostels are tradicionally identified with youth tourism, the objective is also to understand if they are (or not) the main customers in an hostel and, if no low cost operations where available, they were still open to continue to visit those cities. The different hypotheses of investigation, supported by questionnaires to the hostels, tourists in the hostels, hoteliers and a professional pannel, permitted to create a solid base of information to meet the challenges posed. As in many other countries where low cost carriers have a regular presence, Lisbon and Oporto also took advantage of that opportunity, alongside others, to capitalize the importance that tourism has nowadays in national economy. Its presence, with greater validity in Oporto, shows how important they are for the development of tourism and the emergence of a new reality in touristic accommodation. It was also relevant to understand the majority of tourists in hostels are regular users of low cost carriers, again, with better statistical evidence in Oporto market. If it is true that some investigations pointed out the importance of the youth tourism for the hostels, that reality shown to be true for Lisbon and Oporto too. Despite all of the information being written regarding the threat of hostels to hotels, it was possible to verify that situation doesn’t exist, although the existence of some complains from hoteliers, due to different rules applied and different levels of responsabilities and supervision between hotels and hostels. The different business models, market segments and positioning shows clearly that everyone has an important role to play in tourism. Although, globally, some convergence of aspects exists about the type of customer that prefers hostels and their motivations, there are some diferences between markets of Lisbon and Oporto, especially due to the bigger dependency of the North of Portugal from low cost carriers.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, Turismo (Gestão de Destinos e Produtos Turísticos), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território, 2016
Palavras-chave
Teses de doutoramento - 2016