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An ecosystem approach to pelagic fisheries management in Portuguese continental waters
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The ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) is a new paradigm in fisheries management, that incorporates multi-species, habitat, environmental, and socio-economic elements. Within the scientific community and on the political agenda, EAFM has been recognised as a powerful approach to assist with the management of depleted stocks. However, a clear consensus on how this approach should be implemented in practice is still lacking.
The primary aim of this thesis was to apply an EAFM to pelagic fisheries in the Portuguese Continental shelf ecosystem (PCSE). Portuguese pelagic fisheries were chosen as a case study because its main resource sardine has considerably declined in the last two decades. To achieve this aim, a set of methodological approaches to EAFM were used in the context of this fishery. These methodological approaches included spatial analysis, ecosystem modelling (Ecopath with Ecosim) and statistical/indicators approach.
This research advances the application of the EAFM in the Portuguese pelagic fishery by, developing tools to support the management of the fishery and by deepening understanding of the PCSE and sardine dynamics. The key findings showed that trophic interactions followed by fishing were the main drivers of PCSE while a rise in sea surface temperature (SST) followed by fishing had the largest impact on sardine decline. This research highlighted that the management besides fishing restrictions should consider other factors that turn out to be important drivers of future sardine change. They are a rise in SST, trophic interactions, especially between sardine and predators of sardine eggs, and the possibility of regime shift occurrence. Moreover, results demonstrated that the pelagic fishery has conflicting objectives between conservation and fisheries and spatial analysis can support their addressing through the assessment of the trade-offs between them.
Briefly, this research can support strategic management advice for the pelagic fishery in the PCSE in the context of the EAFM.
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Abordagem ecossistémica da gestão das pescas Sardinha Plataforma continental portuguesa Análise espacial Modelagem de ecossistemas Ecosystem approach to fisheries management Sardine Portuguese continental shelf Spatial analysis Ecosystem modelling