A carregar...
Publicação
Edifícios sustentáveis: análise energética, económica e de ciclo de vida de edifícios de habitação
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.3 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Resumo(s)
Na presente dissertação é efetuada uma análise energética, económica e de emissões de CO2e no ciclo de vida dos edifícios de necessidades nulas de energia. O conceito adotado neste estudo – Life Cycle Zero Energy Buildings (LC-ZEB) – diz respeito a edifícios de necessidades nulas de energia na totalidade do seu tempo de vida. O balanço considera a energia produzida e a energia consumida, nas fases de construção e operação (trinta anos). Na fase de construção considera-se a energia associada à produção dos materiais e painéis fotovoltaicos utilizados e as respetivas emissões de dióxido de carbono equivalente (CO2e). Este estudo inclui uma análise económica, que visa comparar os custos destas edificações LC-ZEB com a construção tradicional, no intuito de avaliar se os edifícios em desenvolvimento poderão representar uma vantagem económica. Este estudo pretende ainda mostrar o impacto dos materiais no consumo do edifício, salientando a sua contribuição na energia incorporada. Além disso, existe o objetivo de sensibilizar a população para uma consciência ambiental e da importância das ações de cada elemento, promovendo a escolha por edifícios LC-ZEB, com o aproveitamento de recursos e de reutilização de materiais. A presente dissertação baseia-se na simulação energética realizada pelo modelo numérico computacional EnergyPlus, onde são definidas as cargas que o edifício experimenta. Através das equações de transferência de calor incorporadas, ele determina os fluxos de calor e fornece, como resultados, as variáveis que se pretendam analisar sobre o edifício, como temperatura interior ou níveis de CO2. Os dois casos desenvolvidos dizem respeito ao estudo energético de dois edifícios residenciais: um baseado num contentor de 30 m2 e outro do tipo vivenda de 212 m2, nos quais se definem as respetivas cargas e são simuladas medidas de melhoria, como orientação ou construção, determinando o conjunto de condições que apresenta o melhor desempenho energético e menores emissões de CO2e. O primeiro caso diz respeito a um edifício construído a partir de um contentor marítimo, que apresenta dimensões reduzidas e serve para famílias de número reduzido, enquanto que o segundo se baseia na tipologia moradia, visando representar o tipo mais usado no país. O estudo permitiu concluir que os edifícios LC-ZEB garantem uma redução significativa do consumo energético ao longo da sua vida relativamente à construção tradicional podendo-se atingir poupanças de 20%, assim como uma redução das emissões de CO2e em 10%, incentivando a produção de energia renovável no local. Tem-se ainda que a energia incorporada no sistema fotovoltaico apresenta uma fração muito expressiva da energia total, com um valor de 30%. Contudo, esse sistema é o que permite a produção local e a obtenção dos dois edifícios LC-ZEB. Conclui-se ainda que a utilização dos recursos naturais permite assegurar a climatização do edifício e a manutenção da qualidade de ar. A utilização de energia produzida no local é o que possibilita um desempenho energético elevado.
In this dissertation, an energetic, economic, and the impact of CO2e emissions analysis, on the life cycle zero energy buildings is carried out. The concept adopted in this study – Life Cycle Zero Energy Buildings (LC-ZEB) – concerns buildings with no energy necessities in the totality of their lifetime. The balance considers the produced and the consumed energy, in the stages of construction and operation (thirty years). The construction stage considers energy associated with the production of materials and used photovoltaics panels, as well as equivalent carbon dioxide emissions (CO2e). This study contains an economic analysis, which aims to compare the costs of these types of constructions (LC-ZEB) with the traditional ones, with the intention of measuring if those buildings will bring economic benefits. It also intends to show the impact of materials in the general consumption of the building, pointing out its contributions to the incorporated energy. Furthermore, there’s a goal to raise environmental awareness within the population, as well as to show the value of the actions of each element, to encourage the choice for LC-ZEB, with the exploitation of resources and the reuse of materials. This dissertation is based on a building performance simulation provided by the simulation engine EnergyPlus, in which several types of loads that the building must account for are defined. Through the software’s incorporated heat transfer equations, various energy and mass flows within a building are forecasted and, as a result, it is possible to predict many performance aspects, such as indoor temperature and CO2 levels. The two developed cases are related to the energetic study of two residential buildings: one based on a container with 30 m2 and the other based on a villa style with 212 m2 of area, in which their respective loads are defined, and improvement measures are simulated, like orientation or construction, presenting the set of conditions that have the best energy performance and lower CO2e emissions. The first case refers to a building constructed from a shipping container, with small dimensions and targeted for families with a small number of elements, whereas the second one is more of a housing type, aiming to represent the most used kind in the country. This study allowed one to conclude that LC-ZEB buildings assure a significant cut in energy consumption throughout their lifecycle over the traditional construction, with energetic savings up to 20% and a cut of 10% in CO2e emissions, encouraging the production of renewable energy. It was also realized that the embodied energy of the photovoltaic system represents a very expressive fraction of the total energy, more precisely 30%. However, this is the system that permits local production and the attainment of the two LC-ZEB buildings. Moreover, it is also concluded that the use of natural resources allows to ensure the building’s acclimatization and the preservation of the indoor air quality. The use of local produced energy is what enables a high energy performance.
In this dissertation, an energetic, economic, and the impact of CO2e emissions analysis, on the life cycle zero energy buildings is carried out. The concept adopted in this study – Life Cycle Zero Energy Buildings (LC-ZEB) – concerns buildings with no energy necessities in the totality of their lifetime. The balance considers the produced and the consumed energy, in the stages of construction and operation (thirty years). The construction stage considers energy associated with the production of materials and used photovoltaics panels, as well as equivalent carbon dioxide emissions (CO2e). This study contains an economic analysis, which aims to compare the costs of these types of constructions (LC-ZEB) with the traditional ones, with the intention of measuring if those buildings will bring economic benefits. It also intends to show the impact of materials in the general consumption of the building, pointing out its contributions to the incorporated energy. Furthermore, there’s a goal to raise environmental awareness within the population, as well as to show the value of the actions of each element, to encourage the choice for LC-ZEB, with the exploitation of resources and the reuse of materials. This dissertation is based on a building performance simulation provided by the simulation engine EnergyPlus, in which several types of loads that the building must account for are defined. Through the software’s incorporated heat transfer equations, various energy and mass flows within a building are forecasted and, as a result, it is possible to predict many performance aspects, such as indoor temperature and CO2 levels. The two developed cases are related to the energetic study of two residential buildings: one based on a container with 30 m2 and the other based on a villa style with 212 m2 of area, in which their respective loads are defined, and improvement measures are simulated, like orientation or construction, presenting the set of conditions that have the best energy performance and lower CO2e emissions. The first case refers to a building constructed from a shipping container, with small dimensions and targeted for families with a small number of elements, whereas the second one is more of a housing type, aiming to represent the most used kind in the country. This study allowed one to conclude that LC-ZEB buildings assure a significant cut in energy consumption throughout their lifecycle over the traditional construction, with energetic savings up to 20% and a cut of 10% in CO2e emissions, encouraging the production of renewable energy. It was also realized that the embodied energy of the photovoltaic system represents a very expressive fraction of the total energy, more precisely 30%. However, this is the system that permits local production and the attainment of the two LC-ZEB buildings. Moreover, it is also concluded that the use of natural resources allows to ensure the building’s acclimatization and the preservation of the indoor air quality. The use of local produced energy is what enables a high energy performance.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado integrado, Engenharia da Energia e do Ambiente, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2018
Palavras-chave
Desempenho energético Edifícios LC-ZEB Ciclo de vida Eficiência energética Moradia Edifício contentor EnergyPlus Teses de mestrado - 2018