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Coesão social e Espaço Público em Bairros de Intervenção Prioritária. Diagnóstico Participativo e Projeto de Requalificação dos Espaços Públicos do PER 11- Lisboa
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Resumo(s)
O estudo da dimensão social das disciplinas de arquitetura e planeamento tem vindo a desenvolver-se nas últimas décadas, adquirindo um sentido muito particular em arquitetura paisagista. Tal facto deve-se, por um lado, à frequente intervenção da profissão em espaço público, por outro, ao especial enfoque dos arquitetos paisagistas no estudo dos processos da paisagem e nas dimensões ecológicas do planeamento. Este último aspeto leva a que a profissão se caracterize por ter um pensamento muito relacional, como se pode observar através do desenvolvimento das estruturas ecológicas a várias escalas espaciais por parte dos arquitetos paisagistas.
Considerou-se assim, neste trabalho, que a abordagem ecológica à paisagem implicaria refletir sobre o estudo da dimensão social de um território como uma infraestrutura com relações e processos consideráveis. Para explorar esta abordagem, aprofundou-se o conceito relacional de coesão social, sobretudo na sua relação com o espaço público. Este conceito é particularmente recorrente no contexto do estudo dos bairros sociais, como se verifica nas atuais abordagens técnicas e políticas aos Bairros de Intervenção Prioritária (BIP/ZIP), na cidade de Lisboa. É precisamente neste contexto em que se enquadra o caso de estudo do presente trabalho [Plano Especial de Realojamento (PER) 11].
Na procura de coesão social em contexto de espaço público, a discussão sobre as abordagens participativas e de proximidade ao projeto revelaram-se incontornáveis. Deste modo, o foco de análise deste tema foi o estudo dos movimentos participativos ao nível de bairros sociais em países pioneiros, e em Portugal. Em termos metodológicos utilizou-se a abordagem participativa à investigação por excelência: a Investigação-Ação participativa. Para o contexto do trabalho foi desenvolvido um diagnóstico participativo com a comunidade do PER 11, dando especial ênfase aos espaços públicos do bairro. O trabalho culmina, unindo este diagnóstico às metodologias de análise em projeto de arquitetura paisagista, num estudo prévio de requalificação dos espaços públicos do bairro.
The study of the social dimension of architecture and planning, has been progressively developing over recent decades, acquiring a very particular meaning in landscape architecture. That is due, on the one hand, to the frequent intervention of said professional activity in public space and, on the other, to the specific focus dedicated by landscape architectures to studying the processes of landscape and to the ecological dimensions of planning. The latter has led to the profession being characterized for having a relational approach, as seen in the development by landscape architects of ecological infrastructures at different spatial scales. In the present work we have, therefore, considered that the ecological approach to landscape would involve reflecting on the study of the social dimension of a territory as an infrastructure with considerable links and processes. To explore this approach, we delved into the relational concept of social cohesion, particularly in its relation to public space. This relational concept is particularly recurrent in the context of the study of social neighbourhoods, as can be seen in the current technical and political approaches to priority intervention neighbourhoods (BIP/ZIP) in the city of Lisbon. It is precisely in this context that the case study of the present paper, the neighbourhood PER (Rehousing Programme) 11, fits. When seeking to improve social cohesion in the context of public space, the discussion over participatory and proximity approaches to the project is core. Thus, we focused in the study of participatory movements at the level of social neighbourhoods in pioneering countries, and in Portugal. The methods used in the study were based on the main participation approach to investigation: the participatory action-research. For contextualizing the work, a community profiling of PER 11 Neighbourhood was performed, with particular focus being given to public spaces. This study ultimately unites said diagnosis to the analysis and diagnosis methodologies in the landscape architecture project, for outlining an intervention approach in the public spaces of the neighbourhood in question.
The study of the social dimension of architecture and planning, has been progressively developing over recent decades, acquiring a very particular meaning in landscape architecture. That is due, on the one hand, to the frequent intervention of said professional activity in public space and, on the other, to the specific focus dedicated by landscape architectures to studying the processes of landscape and to the ecological dimensions of planning. The latter has led to the profession being characterized for having a relational approach, as seen in the development by landscape architects of ecological infrastructures at different spatial scales. In the present work we have, therefore, considered that the ecological approach to landscape would involve reflecting on the study of the social dimension of a territory as an infrastructure with considerable links and processes. To explore this approach, we delved into the relational concept of social cohesion, particularly in its relation to public space. This relational concept is particularly recurrent in the context of the study of social neighbourhoods, as can be seen in the current technical and political approaches to priority intervention neighbourhoods (BIP/ZIP) in the city of Lisbon. It is precisely in this context that the case study of the present paper, the neighbourhood PER (Rehousing Programme) 11, fits. When seeking to improve social cohesion in the context of public space, the discussion over participatory and proximity approaches to the project is core. Thus, we focused in the study of participatory movements at the level of social neighbourhoods in pioneering countries, and in Portugal. The methods used in the study were based on the main participation approach to investigation: the participatory action-research. For contextualizing the work, a community profiling of PER 11 Neighbourhood was performed, with particular focus being given to public spaces. This study ultimately unites said diagnosis to the analysis and diagnosis methodologies in the landscape architecture project, for outlining an intervention approach in the public spaces of the neighbourhood in question.
Descrição
Mestrado em Arquitetura Paisagista. Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Palavras-chave
coesão social investigação-ação participativa diagnóstico participativo bairros de intervenção prioritária espaço público estrutura ecológica social cohesion participatory action-research community profiling social neighbourhoods public space ecological infrastructure
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Monteiro, B.T.B.L. Coesão social e Espaço Público em Bairros de Intervenção Prioritária. Diagnóstico Participativo e Projeto de Requalificação dos Espaços Públicos do PER 11- Lisboa. Lisboa: ISA-Universidade de Lisboa, 2021. Dissertação de Mestrado
Editora
Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa