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Episcopado e poder: a construção dos Impérios Ibéricos na Ásia da época moderna (1558-1668)
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Esta dissertação analisa o papel do episcopado de oito dioceses criadas na Ásia (Goa,
Malaca, Macau e Funai e Manila, Cebú, Neuva Cáceres e Nueva Segovia) para a
consolidação do poder das coroas ibéricas, entre 1558 e 1668. Esta observação faz-se
olhando concretamente para a criação de bispados no âmbito das estratégias de
territorialização das monarquiais ibéricas, inserindo a nomeação episcopal no contexto da
chamada economia de mercês e observando a transferência do quadro normativo e de
algumas instituições da Europa para a Ásia. O período cronológico compreende dois
marcos importantes, que tiveram impacto decisivos para as dinâmicas acabadas de
evocar. O primeiro relacionada com a União das coroas, quando os territórios da
Península Ibérica passaram a estar sujeitas ao mesmo monarca, ainda que mantendo as
suas instituições próprias. O segundo relacionada com a fundação da Propaganda Fide,
em 1622, que corresponde à concretização da política de intervenção direta de Roma nos
espaços de missionação, que foi, desde muito cedo, visível no Estado da Índia.
Recorrendo sobretudo a arquivos em Portugal, Espanha e no Vaticano, e tirando proveito
da perspetiva comparada, procura demonstrar-se que apesar de vários limites, o
episcopado foi um pilar central na consolidação do poder das monarquias, que estiveram
particularmente dependentes dos bispos, dada a ausência de muitas outras estruturas que
garantiam a conservação da autoridade régia. É na tensão entre o projeto de consolidação
da autoridade e de domínio político e as resistência e limites que enfrentou que esta tese
se desenvolve.
This dissertation analyses the role of bishops of eight dioceses created in Asia (Goa, Malacca, Macao and Funai and Manila, Cebu, Neuva Cáceres and Nueva Segovia) for the consolidation of the Royal Power of the Iberian crowns between 1558 and 1668. To deal with this issue, this thesis looks at the creation of bishoprics as part of the territorialisation strategies of the Iberian monarchies. It understands the episcopal appointments in the context of the so-called “economia de mercês” (i.e. a system based on the principle that kings used royal appointment to promote loyalty between them and their subjects). And it analysis the transfer of legal frameworks and ecclesiastical institutions, particularly the cathedrals and the parishes, from Europe to Asia. The chronological period includes two important milestones that had a major impact on the dimensions just mentioned. The first is related to the Iberian Union, when the Iberian crowns became subject to the same monarchs. The second is related to the foundation of Propaganda Fide in 1622, which corresponds to the affirmation of Rome's direct intervention in missionary areas, which was visible from very early on in the Estado da Índia. Using mostly documents from Portuguese, Spanish and Vatican archives, while taking advantage of the comparative perspective methods, I’ll argue that despite various limits, the episcopate was a central pillar in the consolidation of power of the Iberian monarchies, which were particularly dependent on the bishops in these regions, given the absence of many other structures that guaranteed the preservation of royal authority. It is in the tension between the project of consolidating authority and political dominance and the resistance and limits it faced that this thesis is developed.
This dissertation analyses the role of bishops of eight dioceses created in Asia (Goa, Malacca, Macao and Funai and Manila, Cebu, Neuva Cáceres and Nueva Segovia) for the consolidation of the Royal Power of the Iberian crowns between 1558 and 1668. To deal with this issue, this thesis looks at the creation of bishoprics as part of the territorialisation strategies of the Iberian monarchies. It understands the episcopal appointments in the context of the so-called “economia de mercês” (i.e. a system based on the principle that kings used royal appointment to promote loyalty between them and their subjects). And it analysis the transfer of legal frameworks and ecclesiastical institutions, particularly the cathedrals and the parishes, from Europe to Asia. The chronological period includes two important milestones that had a major impact on the dimensions just mentioned. The first is related to the Iberian Union, when the Iberian crowns became subject to the same monarchs. The second is related to the foundation of Propaganda Fide in 1622, which corresponds to the affirmation of Rome's direct intervention in missionary areas, which was visible from very early on in the Estado da Índia. Using mostly documents from Portuguese, Spanish and Vatican archives, while taking advantage of the comparative perspective methods, I’ll argue that despite various limits, the episcopate was a central pillar in the consolidation of power of the Iberian monarchies, which were particularly dependent on the bishops in these regions, given the absence of many other structures that guaranteed the preservation of royal authority. It is in the tension between the project of consolidating authority and political dominance and the resistance and limits it faced that this thesis is developed.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bispos Bispados Territorialização Confissões Propaganda Fide União Ibérica