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Microbial blends: Terminology overview and introduction of the neologism "Skopobiota"
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Over the last 20 years, numerous definitions have been proposed for the term microbiome (Berg
et al., 2020). One of the most cited, albeit not the earliest (Whipps et al., 1988), was that introduced
by Joshua Lederberg, who referred to the microbiome as “the ecological community of commensal,
symbiotic, and pathogenicmicroorganisms that literally share our body space [. . . ]” (Lederberg and
Mccray, 2001). This definition became especially popular as, over the following years, its meaning
shifted from the organisms as taxonomical units (i.e., microbiota) to their collective genetic
material. Four years after Lederberg’s publication, the word microbiome began to be employed
in the scientific literature (Nicholson et al., 2005), and to date, it has been used in tens of thousands
of scientific publications. However, as its popularity increased, numerous definitions for the word
microbiome appeared in scientific literature, sparking a hot debate over the birth and evolution of
the meaning of this word (Prescott, 2017; Morar and Bohannan, 2019; Berg et al., 2020).
Over the last decade, advancements in next-generation sequencing allowed for a new
understanding of the microbial complexity tightly associated with living beings and environments.
Recent research demonstrated that microbiomes play a key role in the health of the organisms
whom they are associated with, influencing, among others, their physiology, biochemistry, and
reproductive success (Dinan and Cryan, 2017; Bai et al., 2020; Compant et al., 2020). In fact, the
disruption of microbial homeostasis leads to dysbiosis, a condition which plays a major role in
disease in humans and other animals (Liu et al., 2020), and decline in plants (Bettenfeld et al.,
2020). Undoubtedly,much research has yet to be carried out to further understand the composition,
functions, and resilience to stressors of microbiomes (e.g., anthropic activities and climate change).
However, in recent years,microbiome research has branched out into a new direction. The acquired
awareness over the role that microbial communities play in the health of biological systems led to
the search for strategies to exploit microbiomes and microbial blends to achieve specific goals,
such as restoring compromised systems (e.g., reversing a condition of dysbiosis) or enhancing
existing ones
Descrição
Opinion
Palavras-chave
microbiome microbial consortium microbial inoculant synthetic microbiome synthetic community microbial cocktail
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Del Frari G and Ferreira RB (2021) Microbial Blends: Terminology Overview and Introduction of the Neologism “Skopobiota”. Front. Microbiol. 12:659592
Editora
Frontiers in Microbiology