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Decoding the urban climate of a warming coastal Mediterranean city : the influence of blue and green spaces on human thermal stress
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Today, urban areas face severe sustainability and environmental challenges. The urbanization process transforms natural landscapes into efficient radiation-absorbing surfaces, creating heated and thermally uncomfortable atmospheres. The direct outcome of this process is the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, which is exacerbated by the ongoing climate changes, characterized by rising air temperatures and more frequent, intense and prolonged heatwave events.
This theses explores the potential of using urban vegetation and promoting urban designs that allow local wind systems to naturally ventilate the cities, such as sea and estuarine breezes, as effective heat mitigation strategies. Through a multi scale and multi-source data approach, this investigation aims at quantifying the impact of these blue and green spaces on thermo-physiological comfort during summer on a Southern European coastal city, Lisbon. Firstly, a local weather types classification was generated to summarize the various local meteorological conditions within this city. Subsequently, the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect was analyzed by local weather types using an European urban climate dataset from the Copernicus Climate Change Service. This analysis aimed to identify critical heating hotspots and the meteorological conditions that contribute to higher UHI magnitudes. Then, the cooling potential of breezes coming from the Tagus river and the Atlantic Ocean was assessed on the thermal summer of 2022 using a large meteorological network installed across Lisbon and GRAMM-SCI mesoscale model. Additionally, the influence densely tree-covered areas (Local Climate Zone - LCZ A) and street trees on outdoor human thermo-physiological comfort during a particular local weather type (very hot summer days) was modelled in SkyHelios and confirmed by mobile measurements across several microscale samples according to LCZ 1 to 9, A and B. Finally, future human thermo-physiological comfort conditions on those urban blocks were modeled according to different climate change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) and time periods (2041-2070 and 2071-2100) and considering no major future changes in urban morphology and vegetation.
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clima urbano tipos de tempo locais conforto termofisiológico brisas espaços verdes urbanos urban climate local weather types human thermo-physiological comfort sea and estuarine breezes urban vegetation