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Valorização social de resíduos orgânicos para o turismo no Brasil
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| Tese | 7.37 MB | Adobe PDF | ||
| Anexos | 971.03 KB | Adobe PDF |
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A gestão integrada de resíduos urbanos biodegradáveis (RUB) está no centro do debate atual sobre as crises climática, energética, de consumo e desperdício de alimentos, pela representatividade das emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEE) e do seu potencial de mitigação das alterações climáticas, e por serem finitos os recursos que se transformam em resíduos, bem como das áreas disponíveis para descarga desses materiais. A atividade turística, capaz de desenvolver exponencialmente a economia de territórios improdutivos, é tanto vulnerável aos efeitos climáticos, como grande geradora de emissões de GEE, de desperdícios alimentares, de pressão imobiliária e humana, entre outros impactos. Como a atratividade do turismo depende muito da qualidade ambiental dos seus destinos, a gestão inadequada de resíduos, muitos dos quais são desperdícios alimentares gerados pela atividade, contraria a lógica da própria sustentabilidade turística. Nesse âmbito, o setor é responsabilizado globalmente a gerir de forma sustentável os recursos que utiliza, e a compensar danos diretos e indiretos ao ambiente e às comunidades locais, ainda que tal raramente se pratique. No Brasil, onde uma grande parte do território é vocacionado para o turismo, com a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), a coleta seletiva vem sendo ampliada, ainda que de modo pouco evidente e eficiente – não só em termos de excesso de rejeitos não desviados dos aterros; como também no alcance ainda restrito às regiões sul e sudeste do país; e ainda por ser pouco inclusiva quanto à efetiva contratação de catadores de materiais recicláveis. Perante esta problemática, o presente trabalho pretende levantar soluções integradas para exploração do potencial da valorização de RUB em regiões turísticas, enquanto medida alternativa do seu desvio dos aterros, a partir da transferência de tecnologias com adequação sócio-técnica, como meio de modernização ecológica e facilitadora da operação de sistemas de gestão integrada por catadores no Brasil. Para tanto, como investigação teórica e indutiva, aplicou-se a revisão integrativa, utilizando o método indutivo na abordagem e procedimentos, o método observacional de unidades de caso, e qualitativo para o tratamento dos dados. A estruturação da transferência de tecnologia tradicional para os requisitos da tecnologia social, encontra na falta de recursos técnicos, financeiros e de vontade política muitos dos obstáculos que a inviabilizam, pelo que, a sua aplicação no ambiente controlado, certificado e licenciado do turismo, pode propiciar sinergias entre os atores interessados na mitigação climática, na gestão sustentável dos resíduos e do turismo, indispensáveis à construção de soluções integradas, até então tratados em separado.
The integrated management of biodegradable municipal waste (RUB) is at the center of the current debate on sustainability, implicated at the climate, energetic, food production and consumption crises, for the representativeness of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigation potential, and because the resources that become waste, and the areas available for discharging these materials are finite. The tourism activity is able exponentially developing the economy of unproductive territories, and is both vulnerable to climate effects, as a major generator of GHG emissions, food waste, real estate pressure and cargo capacity, among other impacts. And since the attractiveness of tourism depends heavily on the environmental quality of its destinations, the inadequate management of waste (many of which are waste of food there), affects activity and compromises sustainability, contrary to its logic. In this context, the sector is globally responsible for sustainably managing the resources used and for compensating for direct and indirect damage to the environment and to local communities, even though little has been done in the waste management sector. In Brazil, where a large part of the territory is devoted to tourism, with the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) the selective collection has been expanded, although it´s not very efficient - in terms of excess waste that can not be diverted from landfills ; universal - as long as the scope is still restricted to the south and southeast of the country; and inclusive - given the available data on the contracting of recyclable material pickers. In view of this problem, the present work intends to develop integrated solutions to exploit the potential of RUB valorization in tourist areas, as an alternative measure of its diversion from landfills, through the transfer of technologies with socio-technical adequacy, as a means of ecological modernization and to facilitate the operation of integrated waste management systems in Brazil by waste pickers. Therefore, this theoretical and inductive investigation, applied integrative review, using the inductive method in the approach and procedures, the observational method of case units, and qualitative for the treatment of the data. The structuring from the transfer of traditional technology to the requirements of social technology, finds many of the obstacles to its implementation in lacking of technical, financial and political will, and that therefore application in the controlled, certified and licensed environment of tourism could provide appropriate synergies for integrated solutions to these domains, until then treated separately.
The integrated management of biodegradable municipal waste (RUB) is at the center of the current debate on sustainability, implicated at the climate, energetic, food production and consumption crises, for the representativeness of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigation potential, and because the resources that become waste, and the areas available for discharging these materials are finite. The tourism activity is able exponentially developing the economy of unproductive territories, and is both vulnerable to climate effects, as a major generator of GHG emissions, food waste, real estate pressure and cargo capacity, among other impacts. And since the attractiveness of tourism depends heavily on the environmental quality of its destinations, the inadequate management of waste (many of which are waste of food there), affects activity and compromises sustainability, contrary to its logic. In this context, the sector is globally responsible for sustainably managing the resources used and for compensating for direct and indirect damage to the environment and to local communities, even though little has been done in the waste management sector. In Brazil, where a large part of the territory is devoted to tourism, with the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) the selective collection has been expanded, although it´s not very efficient - in terms of excess waste that can not be diverted from landfills ; universal - as long as the scope is still restricted to the south and southeast of the country; and inclusive - given the available data on the contracting of recyclable material pickers. In view of this problem, the present work intends to develop integrated solutions to exploit the potential of RUB valorization in tourist areas, as an alternative measure of its diversion from landfills, through the transfer of technologies with socio-technical adequacy, as a means of ecological modernization and to facilitate the operation of integrated waste management systems in Brazil by waste pickers. Therefore, this theoretical and inductive investigation, applied integrative review, using the inductive method in the approach and procedures, the observational method of case units, and qualitative for the treatment of the data. The structuring from the transfer of traditional technology to the requirements of social technology, finds many of the obstacles to its implementation in lacking of technical, financial and political will, and that therefore application in the controlled, certified and licensed environment of tourism could provide appropriate synergies for integrated solutions to these domains, until then treated separately.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, Alterações Climáticas e Políticas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Ciências do Ambiente), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 2018
Palavras-chave
Teses de doutoramento - 2018 Resíduos orgânicos Ecoturismo Apanhadores de lixo