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Caracterização das comunidades de peixes nativos e não nativos em águas interiores da Península Ibérica
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Resumo(s)
Os ecossistemas de água doce desempenham um papel crucial para a humanidade. Tornou-se urgente travar a atual perda de biodiversidade, causada pelas atividades humanas, que têm cada vez mais afetado estes ecossistemas. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as comunidades de peixes da Península Ibérica e compreender quais as características ambientais que influenciam a composição das comunidades atuais. Compilaram-se dados de presença de espécies de peixes nativas e não nativas na Península Ibérica desde 1634, juntamente com informações ambientais e antropogénicas para o nível 10 das HydroBASINS. Desde 1845, registou-se um preocupante aumento de 27 espécies não nativas. A ictiofauna foi caracterizada por uma baixa riqueza no número de espécies, um elevado grau de endemismo (44%), com 58% das espécies nativas a pertencer à família Cyprinidae. Aproximadamente 74% das espécies são residentes. Além disso, é relevante destacar que uma parte considerável (44%) das espécies nativas da Península Ibérica categorizam-se atualmente em risco de extinção, de acordo com os critérios delineados pela União Internacional para a Conservação da Natureza global (IUCN). A bacia hidrológica do Guadiana foi identificada como uma área de especial preocupação com uma proporção significativa de espécies em risco de extinção. As análises multivariadas revelaram características ambientais e antropogénicas que influenciam as comunidades de peixes. Sendo as espécies não nativas fortemente influenciadas pelo desenvolvimento humano. As comunidades de peixes servem como indicadores de saúde dos ecossistemas aquáticos, ajudando a identificar problemas ambientais e degradação do habitat. Restaurar a conectividade do sistema e conservar habitats naturais, bem como monitorizar constantemente e controlar a introdução de espécies não nativas, foram apontados como medidas cruciais para preservar a diversidade biológica na região. Esta base de dados não só contribui para o conhecimento atual, mas também é um recurso valioso para futuras investigações e conservação dos ecossistemas aquáticos na Península Ibérica.
Freshwater ecosystems play a crucial role for humanity. It has becom e urgent to curb the current loss of biodiversity caused by human activities, which increasingly affect these ecosystems. But knowing the species communities remain an important task to address. The aim of this study was to characterise fish communities in the Iberian Peninsula and understand which environmental characteristics drive the composition of the current communities. Data on the presence of native and non native fish species in the Iberian Peninsula ha ve been compiled since 1634, along with environmental and anthropogenic information at the HydroBASINS level 10. Since 1845, there has been a worrying increase of 27 non native species . The ichthyofauna was characterized by low species richness, a high degree of endemicity (44%), with 58% of native species belonging to the Cyprinidae family. Approximately 74% of the species are resident . Furthermore, it is pertinent to highlight that a significant portion 44 of the species in Iberian Peninsula are presen tly categorized as being at risk of extinction, according to the criteria delineated by the global International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The Guadiana hydrological basin was identified as an area of special concern with a significant proportion of species at risk of extinction. Multivariate analyses revealed environmental and anthropogenic features influencing fish communities, with non nati ve species strongly influenced by human development. Fish communities serve as indicators of the health of aquatic ecosystems, aiding in identifying environmental problems and habitat degradation. Restoring system connectivity and conserving natural habitats, as well as constant monitoring and control of non native species introduction, were pointed out as crucial measures to preserve biological diversity in the region. This database not only contributes to current knowledge but is also a valuable resource for future research and conservation of aquatic ecosy stems in the Iberian Peninsula.
Freshwater ecosystems play a crucial role for humanity. It has becom e urgent to curb the current loss of biodiversity caused by human activities, which increasingly affect these ecosystems. But knowing the species communities remain an important task to address. The aim of this study was to characterise fish communities in the Iberian Peninsula and understand which environmental characteristics drive the composition of the current communities. Data on the presence of native and non native fish species in the Iberian Peninsula ha ve been compiled since 1634, along with environmental and anthropogenic information at the HydroBASINS level 10. Since 1845, there has been a worrying increase of 27 non native species . The ichthyofauna was characterized by low species richness, a high degree of endemicity (44%), with 58% of native species belonging to the Cyprinidae family. Approximately 74% of the species are resident . Furthermore, it is pertinent to highlight that a significant portion 44 of the species in Iberian Peninsula are presen tly categorized as being at risk of extinction, according to the criteria delineated by the global International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The Guadiana hydrological basin was identified as an area of special concern with a significant proportion of species at risk of extinction. Multivariate analyses revealed environmental and anthropogenic features influencing fish communities, with non nati ve species strongly influenced by human development. Fish communities serve as indicators of the health of aquatic ecosystems, aiding in identifying environmental problems and habitat degradation. Restoring system connectivity and conserving natural habitats, as well as constant monitoring and control of non native species introduction, were pointed out as crucial measures to preserve biological diversity in the region. This database not only contributes to current knowledge but is also a valuable resource for future research and conservation of aquatic ecosy stems in the Iberian Peninsula.
Descrição
Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais. Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Palavras-chave
pressões antropogénicas sistemas fluviais bacias hidrográficas comunidades piscícolas peixes de água doce anthropogenic pressures river systems river basins freshwater fish communities
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Pacheco, P.N. Caracterização das comunidades de peixes nativos e não nativos em águas interiores da Península Ibérica. Lisboa: ISA-Universidade de Lisboa, 2023. Dissertação de Mestrado
Editora
Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa