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Publicação
Auditoria a sistemas de rega gota-a-gota
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A utilização da água na agricultura de regadio deve ser feita de maneira ponderada e rigorosa,
não só para garantir a produtividade e qualidade final da produção mas também para garantir
o uso adequado dos recursos hídricos. A rega localizada tem potencial para ser um método
de rega muito eficiente, se o sistema for bem gerido e mantido através de avaliações
periódicas.
Nesse sentido, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de um sistema de rega
gota-a-gota instalado em duas parcelas no Instituto Superior de Agronomia, primeiramente
através do cálculo dos coeficientes de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC) e coeficiente de
uniformidade de distribuição (CUD) e, de seguida, verificar se o sistema responde às
necessidades hídricas das plantas através do cálculo da evapotranspiração cultural (ETc) e
comparação com as dotações aplicadas.
Os resultados mostraram que CUC e CUD dos três sectores avaliados estão dentro dos
padrões de classificação de excelente uniformidade de distribuição da água, indicando que a
o sistema de rega gota-a-gota se encontra em boas condições de operação, embora seja
necessário fazer algumas melhorias, substituindo alguns emissores numa das parcelas, e
continuar a fazer uma avaliação/manutenção periódica de todos os componentes do sistema.
Conclui-se, também, que o sistema de rega poderá não estar a ser gerido para responder às
necessidades de rega das plantas, sendo necessário a avaliação periódica do balanço hídrico
do solo de modo a verificar se as plantas se encontram, ou não, em stress hídrico e assim
ajustar o calendário de rega
The use of water in irrigated agriculture should be careful and rigorous, not only to assure high productivity and final quality of the production, but also to guarantee the proper use of water resources. Drip irrigation has the potential to be a very efficient irrigation method when the system is well managed and maintained through periodic evaluations. In this sense, this study aimed at evaluating the performance of a drip irrigation system installed in two plots at the Instituto Superior de Agronomia, firstly by calculating the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CUC) and the coefficient of uniformity of distribution (CUD) and then verifying if the system is able to fulfill the water needs of the crops through the calculation of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and comparison with the water applied. The results showed that the CUC and CUD of the three sectors evaluated are within the classification standards of excellent uniformity of water distribution, indicating that the drip irrigation system is in good operating condition, although it is necessary to perform some improvements by replacing some emitters in one of the plots, and continuing to carry out periodic evaluation/maintenance of all system components. It is also concluded that the irrigation system may not be responding to the water needs of the crops, and periodic evaluation of the soil water balance should be made in order to verify whether the plants are, or not, in water stress conditions and thus adjust the irrigation schedule.
The use of water in irrigated agriculture should be careful and rigorous, not only to assure high productivity and final quality of the production, but also to guarantee the proper use of water resources. Drip irrigation has the potential to be a very efficient irrigation method when the system is well managed and maintained through periodic evaluations. In this sense, this study aimed at evaluating the performance of a drip irrigation system installed in two plots at the Instituto Superior de Agronomia, firstly by calculating the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CUC) and the coefficient of uniformity of distribution (CUD) and then verifying if the system is able to fulfill the water needs of the crops through the calculation of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and comparison with the water applied. The results showed that the CUC and CUD of the three sectors evaluated are within the classification standards of excellent uniformity of water distribution, indicating that the drip irrigation system is in good operating condition, although it is necessary to perform some improvements by replacing some emitters in one of the plots, and continuing to carry out periodic evaluation/maintenance of all system components. It is also concluded that the irrigation system may not be responding to the water needs of the crops, and periodic evaluation of the soil water balance should be made in order to verify whether the plants are, or not, in water stress conditions and thus adjust the irrigation schedule.
Descrição
Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica / Instituto Superior de Agronomia. Universidade de Lisboa
Palavras-chave
rega localizada avaliação uniformidade de distribuição necessidades de rega localized irrigation evaluation distribution uniformity water requirements
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Melo, M.A.C.B.A. - Auditoria a sistemas de rega gota-a-gota. Lisboa: ISA, 2021, 91 p.