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Chemical Composition, Bioactivities, and Applications of Spirulina (Limnospira platensis) in Food, Feed, and Medicine

2024-11Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorSpínola, Maria P.
dc.contributor.authorMendes, Ana R.
dc.contributor.authorPrates, José A. M.
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-12T13:16:28Z
dc.date.available2025-08-12T13:16:28Z
dc.date.issued2024-11
dc.description.abstractSpirulina (Limnospira platensis) is a microalga recognised for its rich nutritional composition and diverse bioactive compounds, making it a valuable functional food, feed, and therapeutic agent. This review examines spirulina’s chemical composition, including its high levels of protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds, such as the phycocyanin pigment, polysac- charides, and carotenoids, in food, feed, and medicine. These compounds exhibit various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiviral, anticancer, antidi- abetic and lipid-lowering effects. Spirulina’s potential to mitigate oxidative stress, enhance immune function, and inhibit tumour growth positions it as a promising candidate for preventing chronic diseases. Additionally, spirulina is gaining interest in the animal feed sector as a promotor of growth performance, improving immune responses and increasing resistance to diseases in livestock, poultry, and aquaculture. Despite its well-documented health benefits, future research is needed to optimize production/cultivation methods, improve its bioavailability, and validate its efficacy (dose–effect relationship) and safety through clinical trials and large-scale human trials. This review underscores the potential of spirulina to address global health and nutrition challenges, supporting its continued application in food, feed, and medicine.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationSpínola, M.P.; Mendes, A.R.; Prates, J.A.M. Chemical Composition, Bioactivities, and Applications of Spirulina (Limnospira platensis) in Food, Feed, and Medicine. Foods 2024, 13, 3656. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13223656pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/foods13223656pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/102780
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherMDPIpt_PT
dc.relationUsing blue technology for the green feeding of poultry
dc.relationUsing microalga Chlorella vulgaris for the sustainable feeding of broilers
dc.relationCentre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/journal/foodspt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectLimnospira platensispt_PT
dc.subjectbioactive compoundspt_PT
dc.subjectantioxidant activitypt_PT
dc.subjectanti-inflammatory activitypt_PT
dc.subjectimmunomodulatory effectspt_PT
dc.subjectfood; feed; medicinept_PT
dc.subjectfeedpt_PT
dc.subjectmedicinept_PT
dc.titleChemical Composition, Bioactivities, and Applications of Spirulina (Limnospira platensis) in Food, Feed, and Medicinept_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleUsing blue technology for the green feeding of poultry
oaire.awardTitleUsing microalga Chlorella vulgaris for the sustainable feeding of broilers
oaire.awardTitleCentre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT//UI%2FBD%2F153071%2F2022/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/OE/2022.11690.BD/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00276%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/Concurso para Atribuição do Estatuto e Financiamento de Laboratórios Associados (LA)/LA%2FP%2F0059%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/Concurso de avaliação no âmbito do Programa Plurianual de Financiamento de Unidades de I&D (2017%2F2018) - Financiamento Base/UIDB%2F04129%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.issue22pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage3656pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleFoodspt_PT
oaire.citation.volume13pt_PT
oaire.fundingStreamOE
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStreamConcurso para Atribuição do Estatuto e Financiamento de Laboratórios Associados (LA)
oaire.fundingStreamConcurso de avaliação no âmbito do Programa Plurianual de Financiamento de Unidades de I&D (2017/2018) - Financiamento Base
person.familyNameAlmeida Mendes
person.givenNameAna Rita
person.identifier.ciencia-id7D14-60ED-A0FE
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0030-3119
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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