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Efeito da fertilização com estrume de frango fresco e compostado numa cultura de alface
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Resumo(s)
Num contexto sócio-económico de necessidade de aumento da produção de alimentos e, simultaneamente, de manutenção ou melhoria da capacidade produtiva dos solos, realizou-se este estudo com o objetivo de avaliar: i) os benefícios da utilização de estrume de aviários de produção de frangos de carne como fertilizante do solo; ii) vantagens agronómicas da prévia compostagem deste estrume. O ensaio foi realizado em vasos, com alface, durante 60 dias, tendo-se estudado dois tipos de estrume (estrume fresco - EF e estrume compostado - EC), aplicados em cinco doses (equivalentes a 0 t ha-1; 6,25 t ha-1; 12,5 t ha-1; 25 t ha-1 e 50 t ha-1).
A aplicação dos estrumes de aviário resultou num aumento significativo do teor de matéria orgânica do solo, de 0,66% na dose 0 t ha-1, para 0,85% e 0,88 % na dose de 50 t ha-1, de EF e EC, respetivamente. O estrume aumentou, também, significativamente a disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo. Entre as doses 0 t ha-1 e 50 t ha-1, no EF e no EC respetivamente, o potássio extraível aumentou 263% e 563%, o fósforo extraível aumentou 900% e 1591% e o magnésio extraível aumentou 88% e 100%. Observou-se, ainda, um aumento da disponibilidade de catiões de troca e de micronutrientes.
A aplicação de estrume melhorou o estado nutricional das plantas, mais evidente na concentração de potássio e de fósforo nas plantas.
No caso da produção das alfaces, o aumento da dose de estrume de 0 para 25 t ha-1, levou a incrementos de produção de 740% e de 832%, no EF e no EC, respetivamente. No caso do EC, o aumento da dose de 25 para 50 t ha-1, levou a um decréscimo de produção de 27%, que não sendo estatisticamente significativo, poderá ser agronomicamente relevante.
De um modo geral, para os parâmetros agronómicos avaliados, não se observaram diferenças entre os dois estrumes. Assim, neste ensaio, a compostagem do estrume não revelou qualquer mais-valia agronómica. Através deste ensaio foi demonstrado o valor fertilizante do estrume de aviário, quer fresco, quer compostado, na melhoria da fertilidade do solo, da nutrição das plantas e da produção da alface.
In a socio-economic context of the need to increase food production and, at the same time, to maintain or improve the productivity of soils, this study was carried out with the aim of evaluating: i) the benefits of using poultry manure from poultry meat production as a soil fertilizer; ii) the agronomic advantages of composting the poultry manure. The assays were carried out in pots, with lettuce, during 60 days. Two types of poultry manure were studied (fresh manure and composted manure), applied in five doses (equivalent to 0 t ha-1; 6.25 t ha-1; 12.5 t ha-1; 25 t ha-1 and 50 t ha-1). The application of poultry manure resulted in a significant increase in the soil's organic matter content, from 0.66 % at the 0 t ha-1 dose, to 0.85 % and 0.88 % at the 50 t ha-1 doses (fresh manure and composted manure, respectively). Manure also significantly increased the availability of nutrients in the soil. Increasing the dose from 0 t ha-1 to 50 t ha-1, in the fresh manure and composted manure respectively, led to an increase of: extractable potassium by 263% and 563%, extractable phosphorus by 900% and 1591% and extractable magnesium by 88% and 100%. There was still an increase in the availability of exchange cations and micronutrients. The application of manure improved the plants’ nutritional status, which was most evident in the content of the potassium and phosphorus in the plant. In the case of lettuce production, increasing the manure dose from 0 to 25 t ha-1 led to production increases of 740% and 832% in the fresh manure and composted manure, respectively. For the composted manure, increasing the dosage from 25 to 50 t ha-1 led to a 27% decrease in production, which, although not statistically significant, could be agronomically relevant. Generally, there were no differences between the two manures in terms of the agronomic parameters assessed. Therefore, in this study, composting the poultry manure did not reveal any agronomic added value. This study demonstrated the fertilizing value of poultry manure, both fresh and composted, in improving soil fertility, plant nutrition and the lettuce production.
In a socio-economic context of the need to increase food production and, at the same time, to maintain or improve the productivity of soils, this study was carried out with the aim of evaluating: i) the benefits of using poultry manure from poultry meat production as a soil fertilizer; ii) the agronomic advantages of composting the poultry manure. The assays were carried out in pots, with lettuce, during 60 days. Two types of poultry manure were studied (fresh manure and composted manure), applied in five doses (equivalent to 0 t ha-1; 6.25 t ha-1; 12.5 t ha-1; 25 t ha-1 and 50 t ha-1). The application of poultry manure resulted in a significant increase in the soil's organic matter content, from 0.66 % at the 0 t ha-1 dose, to 0.85 % and 0.88 % at the 50 t ha-1 doses (fresh manure and composted manure, respectively). Manure also significantly increased the availability of nutrients in the soil. Increasing the dose from 0 t ha-1 to 50 t ha-1, in the fresh manure and composted manure respectively, led to an increase of: extractable potassium by 263% and 563%, extractable phosphorus by 900% and 1591% and extractable magnesium by 88% and 100%. There was still an increase in the availability of exchange cations and micronutrients. The application of manure improved the plants’ nutritional status, which was most evident in the content of the potassium and phosphorus in the plant. In the case of lettuce production, increasing the manure dose from 0 to 25 t ha-1 led to production increases of 740% and 832% in the fresh manure and composted manure, respectively. For the composted manure, increasing the dosage from 25 to 50 t ha-1 led to a 27% decrease in production, which, although not statistically significant, could be agronomically relevant. Generally, there were no differences between the two manures in terms of the agronomic parameters assessed. Therefore, in this study, composting the poultry manure did not reveal any agronomic added value. This study demonstrated the fertilizing value of poultry manure, both fresh and composted, in improving soil fertility, plant nutrition and the lettuce production.
Descrição
Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Especialização em Hortofruticultura e Viticultura. Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Palavras-chave
matéria orgânica avicultura fertilizante composto organic matter poultry production fertilizer compost
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Sacramento, B.M.O.G. Efeito da fertilização com estrume de frango fresco e compostado numa cultura de alface. Lisboa: ISA-Universidade de Lisboa, 2023. Dissertação de Mestrado
Editora
Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa