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Abstract(s)
Em 2011 foi aprovada por todos os Estados membros da CPLP, uma Estratégia de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (ESAN-CPLP) baseada no direito humano a uma alimentação adequada. Foi reconhecida a importância do desenvolvimento da agricultura e do meio rural como estratégia de superação da pobreza e da insegurança alimentar, do fortalecimento da economia local e regional e da consolidação de um ambiente de paz, progresso e justiça social.
A ambição desta dissertação consistiu em disponibilizar informação e contribuir para uma reflexão que sirva de suporte a uma melhor definição das políticas públicas que melhor se adequam a estes propósitos, nomeadamente para benefício das comunidades rurais mais desfavorecidas, criando impacto. Para tal, o objetivo foi avaliar o papel e a relevância dada à produção animal nas ESAN e sua implicação para a economia da agricultura familiar dos vários países, comparando e estabelecendo relações entre eles, mediante pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e entrevistas a actores-chave.
Na sua grande maioria, as explorações agrícolas, dos países da CPLP são classificados como agricultura familiar. Como foi possível apurar, 77% das explorações no Brasil são familiares, em Portugal 94%, em Moçambique 97,8%, em Cabo-Verde 99,7% e em Angola 51,29%, nos restantes países os valores rondam igualmente os 90%. Nesse sentido, todos os países, nos últimos anos, assumiram compromissos no sentido de apoiar a agricultura familiar dado o peso que patenteia para a economia nacional. De um modo geral, o setor pecuário formal tem um peso muito pequeno na economia dos países, comparativamente ao setor agrícola onde este se insere, com exceção de Portugal e Brasil. A produção agrícola nos PALOP e em Timor é dominada por raízes e tubérculos (como a mandioca), cereais (como o milho) e, em menor dimensão, arroz, amendoim e leguminosas, em alguns casos com cariz comercial e capacidade exportadora. Por sua vez, a produção animal na sua maioria, restringe-se essencialmente à produção de subsistência para o autoconsumo, da qual a maior fatia cabe à pesca de subsistência.
Os resultados obtidos neste estudo sublinham, que embora em escala variável, todos os países apresentam problemas em matéria de insegurança alimentar e pobreza, os PALOP e Timor estão entre os mais vulneráveis. Tal que justifica um esforço por parte dos Estados membros, na adopção de políticas e programas nacionais para fazer face a esta situação, incluindo o setor pecuário, um dos agentes de insegurança alimentar. É imperativo o desenvolvimento de instituições de ensino e pesquisa direcionadas ao setor pecuário; maior investimento na realização de censos agropecuários e melhorar e/ou implementar gabinetes de análise de dados para apoiar a definição de linhas estratégicas; reformar o setor de transformação de produtos de origem animal, sem nunca esquecer que é fulcral que o desenvolvimento deste setor seja acompanhado de exemplos de “boas práticas” em matéria de Higiene e Controlo Sanitário dos alimentos e do efetivo pecuário.
In 2011, the Food and Nutrition Security Strategy (ESAN) was approved by the member states of Portuguese Speaking Countries Community (CPLP), based on the human right for safe and nutrition food. The agricultural development and rural environment importance were recognized as a promising approach for overcoming poverty and food insecurity, strengthening the local and regional economy and consolidating an environment of peace, progress and social justice. The dissertation purpose was to provide information and contribute to a reflection that supports a better definition of public policies which better suited for these objectives, namely for the benefit of the most disadvantaged rural communities. So, the role and relevance given to animal production at ESAN and its implications for the family farming economy of the various countries, were evaluated by comparing and establishing relationships between them, through documentary, bibliographical review and interviews to key actors. For the most countries, agricultural establishments in CPLP are classified as family farming. It was found that, 77% of farms in Brazil are family-owned, in Portugal 94%, in Mozambique 97.8%, in Cape Verde 99.7% and in Angola 51,29%, in other countries are also around 90%. In this sense, all countries, in recent years, have made commitments to support family farming, given the weight it has on the national economies. In general, the livestock sector has a very small weight in the economy of the countries, compared to the agricultural sector where it is inserted, with the exception of Portugal and Brazil. PALOP and Timor Agricultural production is dominated by roots and tubers (such as cassava), cereals (such as maize) and, to a lesser extent, rice, peanuts and pulses, in some cases with a commercial nature and export capacity. Most animal production is essentially restricted to subsistence production for self-consumption, most of which is subsistence fishing. The results obtained in this study indicate that, although on a variable scale, all countries have food insecurity and poverty problems, the PALOP and Timor are among the most vulnerable. This justifies an effort by the member states, in the adoption of national policies and programs to face this situation, integrating the livestock sector, one of the agents of food insecurity. It is imperative to develop teaching and research institutions aimed at the livestock sector; greater investment in carrying out agricultural censuses and improving and/or implementing data analysis offices to support the definition of strategic lines; reform the transformation sector of animal products, without forgetting that it is crucial that the development of this sector is accompanied by examples of “good practices” in terms of food and livestock Hygiene and Sanitary Control.
In 2011, the Food and Nutrition Security Strategy (ESAN) was approved by the member states of Portuguese Speaking Countries Community (CPLP), based on the human right for safe and nutrition food. The agricultural development and rural environment importance were recognized as a promising approach for overcoming poverty and food insecurity, strengthening the local and regional economy and consolidating an environment of peace, progress and social justice. The dissertation purpose was to provide information and contribute to a reflection that supports a better definition of public policies which better suited for these objectives, namely for the benefit of the most disadvantaged rural communities. So, the role and relevance given to animal production at ESAN and its implications for the family farming economy of the various countries, were evaluated by comparing and establishing relationships between them, through documentary, bibliographical review and interviews to key actors. For the most countries, agricultural establishments in CPLP are classified as family farming. It was found that, 77% of farms in Brazil are family-owned, in Portugal 94%, in Mozambique 97.8%, in Cape Verde 99.7% and in Angola 51,29%, in other countries are also around 90%. In this sense, all countries, in recent years, have made commitments to support family farming, given the weight it has on the national economies. In general, the livestock sector has a very small weight in the economy of the countries, compared to the agricultural sector where it is inserted, with the exception of Portugal and Brazil. PALOP and Timor Agricultural production is dominated by roots and tubers (such as cassava), cereals (such as maize) and, to a lesser extent, rice, peanuts and pulses, in some cases with a commercial nature and export capacity. Most animal production is essentially restricted to subsistence production for self-consumption, most of which is subsistence fishing. The results obtained in this study indicate that, although on a variable scale, all countries have food insecurity and poverty problems, the PALOP and Timor are among the most vulnerable. This justifies an effort by the member states, in the adoption of national policies and programs to face this situation, integrating the livestock sector, one of the agents of food insecurity. It is imperative to develop teaching and research institutions aimed at the livestock sector; greater investment in carrying out agricultural censuses and improving and/or implementing data analysis offices to support the definition of strategic lines; reform the transformation sector of animal products, without forgetting that it is crucial that the development of this sector is accompanied by examples of “good practices” in terms of food and livestock Hygiene and Sanitary Control.
Description
Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica - Produção Animal. Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Faculdade de Medicina Veteriária
Keywords
desenvolvimento rural agricultura familiar pecuária tropical alimentação humana lusofonia rural development family farming tropical livestock food lusophony
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Traça, A.B. Contributo da produção animal nas estratégias de segurança alimentar e nutricional da comunidade de Países de Língua Portuguesa. Lisboa: ISA-Universidade de Lisboa, 2022. Dissertação de Mestrado
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa