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Learning to Read in an Intermediate Depth Orthography: The Longitudinal Role of Grapheme Sounding on Different Types of Reading Fluency

dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Sandra
dc.contributor.authorQuerido, Luís
dc.contributor.authorVerhaeghe, Arlette
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-29T14:36:50Z
dc.date.available2025-04-29T14:36:50Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractPhonological processing skills, such as phonological awareness, are known predictors of reading acquisition in alphabetic languages with varying degrees of orthographic complexity. However, the role of multi-letter-sound knowledge, an important foundation for early reading development, in supporting reading fluency development remains to be determined. This study examined whether two core foundational skills, phonemic awareness and grapheme sounding, have a predictive role in reading fluency development in an intermediate-depth orthography. The participants were 62 children learning to read in European Portuguese, and they were longitudinally assessed on phonemic awareness, complex grapheme sounding, and reading fluency (decoding, word, and text) from Grade 2 to Grade 3. The results showed that grapheme sounding predicted reading fluency development controlled for nonverbal intelligence and vocabulary, short-term verbal memory, and phonemic awareness. Grapheme sounding plays a prominent role in predicting reading fluency outcomes, whereas phonemic awareness (both accuracy and time per correct item) did not contribute to any of the three types of reading fluency. The fact that grapheme-sounding predicted reading fluency is likely due to complex grapheme-phoneme correspondences being required to achieve proficient reading. These findings provide insights into the cognitive processes underlying reading development in intermediate-depth orthographies and have implications for early literacy instruction.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationFernandes, S., Querido, L., & Verhaeghe, A. (2024). Learning to read in an intermediate depth orthography: The longitudinal role of grapheme sounding on different types of reading fluency. Behavioral Sciences, 14(5), 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14050396pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/bs14050396pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/100359
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherMDPIpt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/14/5/396pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectPhonemic awarenesspt_PT
dc.subjectGrapheme soundingpt_PT
dc.subjectDecoding fluencypt_PT
dc.subjectWord list fluencypt_PT
dc.subjectText fluencypt_PT
dc.titleLearning to Read in an Intermediate Depth Orthography: The Longitudinal Role of Grapheme Sounding on Different Types of Reading Fluencypt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue5pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage396pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleBehavioral Sciencespt_PT
oaire.citation.volume14pt_PT
person.familyNamede Figueiredo Fernandes Querido
person.familyNameQuerido
person.familyNameVerhaeghe
person.givenNameSandra Maria
person.givenNameLuís
person.givenNameArlette
person.identifier1905189
person.identifier.ciencia-id4D12-52B3-2C67
person.identifier.ciencia-idE81A-D640-8E2A
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-7409-0174
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3848-8203
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6338-2005
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication1218e8d2-387d-45ac-a594-55a3f4581e5d
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationf0ef2a82-a7ec-4dc4-a041-4d953d89a95c
relation.isAuthorOfPublication9230a609-be25-452d-8060-0d6587e438db
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryf0ef2a82-a7ec-4dc4-a041-4d953d89a95c

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