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Avaliação da variabilidade de características adaptativas em proveniências de sobreiro (Quercus suber L.)
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O sobreiro (Quercus suber L.) é uma espécie com relevância na região mediterrânica por razões socioeconómicas, ecológicas e ambientais. Nas últimas décadas tem-se assistido à degradação generalizada dos montados.
Apesar da sua importância, a variabilidade genética do sobreiro está pouco estudada. Este conhecimento poderá contribuir para a seleção de Material Florestal de Reprodução mais adaptado e produtivo.
A presente dissertação, tem como objetivo, avaliar a variabilidade de determinadas características adaptativas em 35 proveniências de sobreiro instaladas num ensaio genético. Com base em parâmetros morfológicos (altura e diâmetro à altura do peito) e indicadores de vitalidade (presença de pragas/doenças e desfolha da copa) analisaram-se as diferenças entre proveniências quanto ao seu desenvolvimento e adaptação às condições do local de estudo.
Na análise do ensaio, avaliado aos 23 anos de idade, foi possível identificar um efeito ambiental, distinguindo-se zonas com taxas de mortalidade e crescimentos distintas.
Diferentes proveniências de sobreiros apresentaram variações na taxa de sobrevivência, com algumas proveniências portuguesas (PT17, PT18 e PT35) e marroquinas (MA29 e MA30) a superar os 91 %. Em relação ao crescimento, as proveniências portuguesas e marroquinas tiveram um desempenho acima da média, contrariamente às italianas que apresentaram fraca adaptação às condições de ensaio. As proveniências italianas (IT12 e IT14) e argelina (AL34) foram, principalmente, as mais afetadas com problemas fitossanitários, enquanto as portuguesas mostraram uma vitalidade acima da média.
As proveniências portuguesas, principalmente as com condições ecológicas mais semelhantes ao local de ensaio, apresentaram uma resiliência e crescimentos acima da média. Por outro lado, o superior desempenho das proveniências marroquinas indica que a produção de plantas para as arborizações de determinadas proveniências não locais deve ser um recurso a considerar, desde que baseado no conhecimento da variabilidade genética e demonstrado por significativos resultados de ensaios de campo.
The cork oak (Quercus suber L.) is an important specie in the Mediterranean region for socio-economic, ecological and environmental reasons. In recent decades there has been widespread degradation of cork oak forests. Despite its importance, the genetic variability of the cork oak is poorly studied. This knowledge could contribute to the selection of more adapted and productive Forest Reproductive Material. The aim of this dissertation is to assess the variability of certain adaptive characteristics in 35 cork oak provenances installed in a genetic trial. Based on morphological parameters (height and diameter at breast height) and vitality indicators (presence of pests/diseases and crown defoliation), the differences between provenances, in terms of their development and adaptation to the conditions of the study site, were analysed. In analysing the trial, which was assessed at 23 years of age, it was possible to identify an environmental effect, distinguishing zones with different mortality and growth rates. Different cork oak provenances showed variations in survival rate, with some Portuguese (PT17, PT18 and PT35) and Moroccan (MA29 and MA30) provenances exceeding 91 %. With regard to growth, the Portuguese and Moroccan provenances performed above average, unlike the Italian ones which showed poor adaptation to the test conditions. The Italian (IT12 and IT14) and Algerian (AL34) provenances were mainly the ones most affected by phytosanitary problems, while the Portuguese ones showed above-average vitality. In conclusion, the Portuguese provenances, especially those with ecological conditions more similar to the test site, showed resilience and above-average growth. On the other hand, the superior performance of Moroccan provenances indicates that the production of plants for afforestation from certain non-local provenances should be a resource to consider, as long as it is based on knowledge of genetic variability and demonstrated by significant field trial results.
The cork oak (Quercus suber L.) is an important specie in the Mediterranean region for socio-economic, ecological and environmental reasons. In recent decades there has been widespread degradation of cork oak forests. Despite its importance, the genetic variability of the cork oak is poorly studied. This knowledge could contribute to the selection of more adapted and productive Forest Reproductive Material. The aim of this dissertation is to assess the variability of certain adaptive characteristics in 35 cork oak provenances installed in a genetic trial. Based on morphological parameters (height and diameter at breast height) and vitality indicators (presence of pests/diseases and crown defoliation), the differences between provenances, in terms of their development and adaptation to the conditions of the study site, were analysed. In analysing the trial, which was assessed at 23 years of age, it was possible to identify an environmental effect, distinguishing zones with different mortality and growth rates. Different cork oak provenances showed variations in survival rate, with some Portuguese (PT17, PT18 and PT35) and Moroccan (MA29 and MA30) provenances exceeding 91 %. With regard to growth, the Portuguese and Moroccan provenances performed above average, unlike the Italian ones which showed poor adaptation to the test conditions. The Italian (IT12 and IT14) and Algerian (AL34) provenances were mainly the ones most affected by phytosanitary problems, while the Portuguese ones showed above-average vitality. In conclusion, the Portuguese provenances, especially those with ecological conditions more similar to the test site, showed resilience and above-average growth. On the other hand, the superior performance of Moroccan provenances indicates that the production of plants for afforestation from certain non-local provenances should be a resource to consider, as long as it is based on knowledge of genetic variability and demonstrated by significant field trial results.
Descrição
Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais / Instituto Superior de Agronomia. Universidade de Lisboa
Palavras-chave
proveniência população sobreiro características adaptativas provenance population cork oak adaptive traits
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Martins, A.R.P.R. Avaliação da variabilidade de características adaptativas em proveniências de sobreiro (Quercus suber L.). Lisboa: ISA, 2024, 52 p. Dissertação de Mestrado
Editora
Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa