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Resumo(s)
Este trabalho tem como objectivo realizar uma análise comparativa das características do comércio externo dos produtos corticeiros de Portugal e Espanha entre 1930 e 1974. Em primeiro lugar analisamos as principais alterações estruturais ocorridas no comércio externo dos produtos corticeiros dos dois países, colocando-se em evidência a perda da liderança espanhola a favor do domínio português no âmbito das exportações cortíceiras, a partir da Guerra Civil Espanhola (1936-1939). Seguidamente, explicamos as causas desta alteração, partindo de um conjunto de factores, que considerámos como sendo os mais relevantes para o período em estudo. Pela forte presença do Estado na economia, inerente aos regimes políticos de Salazar e Franco, surgiram como pertinentes as questões ligadas ao enquadramento institucional do sector corticeiro, em especial no que concerne às políticas industrial, comercial e cambial, implementadas nos dois países. Ainda no âmbito institucional, destacamos o processo de abertura ao exterior -nomeadamente a ligação à EFTA e à CEE - das duas economias durante o período estudado, tanto mais que os mercados externos constituíam o destino preferencial da produção corticeira. Na última parte deste trabalho, a consideração dos custos de produção, emergiu, igualmente, como factor determinante da capacidade competitiva externa, onde os países ibéricos enfrentavam a concorrência, quer de outros países produtores, quer de produtos sucedâneos.
The aim of this paper is to undertake a comparative analysis of the particular features of the foreign trade in cork products from Portugal and Spain between 1930 and 1974. In the first part, we analyse the main structural alterations that occurred in the foreign trade in cork products from the two countries. This analysis highlights the Spanish loss of leadership in the area of cork exports, which passed to Portuguese producers after the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). Next we explain the reasons for this change, beginning with a series of factors that we consider to be the most relevant for the period under study. Because of the State's heavy involvement in the economy, a feature that was inherent in the political regimes of Salazar and Franco, questions relating to the institutional framework of the cork sector appear to be particularly pertinent, especially matters relating to the industrial, commercial and foreign exchange policies that were implemented in the two countries. Furthermore, in relation to the institutional question, we highlight the processes leading to the opening up of the two economies to the outside world during the period under study - namely their links with EFTA and the EEC. Such changes were all the more important because the foreign markets represented the preferential destination for the two countries' cork production. In the last part of this work, consideration of the production costs also shows itself to have been a decisive factor in determining the capacity to compete in foreign markets, where the two Iberian countries were faced with competition both from other cork-producing countries and from substitute products.
The aim of this paper is to undertake a comparative analysis of the particular features of the foreign trade in cork products from Portugal and Spain between 1930 and 1974. In the first part, we analyse the main structural alterations that occurred in the foreign trade in cork products from the two countries. This analysis highlights the Spanish loss of leadership in the area of cork exports, which passed to Portuguese producers after the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). Next we explain the reasons for this change, beginning with a series of factors that we consider to be the most relevant for the period under study. Because of the State's heavy involvement in the economy, a feature that was inherent in the political regimes of Salazar and Franco, questions relating to the institutional framework of the cork sector appear to be particularly pertinent, especially matters relating to the industrial, commercial and foreign exchange policies that were implemented in the two countries. Furthermore, in relation to the institutional question, we highlight the processes leading to the opening up of the two economies to the outside world during the period under study - namely their links with EFTA and the EEC. Such changes were all the more important because the foreign markets represented the preferential destination for the two countries' cork production. In the last part of this work, consideration of the production costs also shows itself to have been a decisive factor in determining the capacity to compete in foreign markets, where the two Iberian countries were faced with competition both from other cork-producing countries and from substitute products.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Portugal Espanha Cortiça Política económica Custos de produção Portugal Spain Cork Economic policy Production costs
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Dias, Maria Amélia, Francisco M. Parejo Moruno. 2006. "O comércio externo corticeiro na Península Ibérica no período de 1930 a 1974: uma perspectiva comparada". Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão – GHES Documento de Trabalho/Working Paper nº 28-2006
Editora
ISEG - GHES