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Subcuticular–Intracellular Hemibiotrophy of Colletotrichum lupini in Lupinus mutabilis
Publication . Guilengue, Norberto; Silva, Maria do Céu; Talhinhas, Pedro; Neves-Martins, João; Loureiro, Andreia
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lupini is the most important disease affecting lupin
cultivation worldwide. Lupinus mutabilis has been widely studied due to its high protein and oil
content. However, it has proved to be sensitive to anthracnose, which limits the expansion of its
cultivation. In this work, we seek to unveil the strategy that is used by C. lupini to infect and colonize
L. mutabilis tissues using light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). On petioles, pathogen
penetration occurred from melanized appressoria, subcuticular intramural hyphae were seen 2 days
after inoculation (dai), and the adjacent host cells remained intact. The switch to necrotrophy was
observed 3 dai. At this time, the hyphae extended their colonization to the epidermal, cortex, and
vascular cells. Wall degradation was more evident in the epidermal cells. TEM observations also
revealed a loss of plasma membrane integrity and different levels of cytoplasm disorganization in the
infected epidermal cells and in those of the first layers of the cortex. The disintegration of organelles
occurred and was particularly visible in the chloroplasts. The necrotrophic phase culminated with
the development of acervuli 6 dai. C. lupini used the same infection strategy on stems, but there was
a delay in the penetration of host tissues and the appearance of the first symptoms
Olive Anthracnose in Portugal Is Still Mostly Caused by Colletotrichum nymphaeae, but C. acutatum Is Spreading and C. alienum and C. cigarro Are Reported for the First Time
Publication . Cabral, Ana; Nascimento, Teresa; Azinheira, Helena; Loureiro, Andreia; Talhinhas, Pedro; Oliveira, Helena
Olive anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum fungi, is responsible for major fruit yield losses
and poor olive oil quality worldwide. In the Mediterranean basin, some Colletotrichum spp. appear to
be replacing others, possibly due to climate change and modification in cultural systems. To update
the situation in Portugal, 525 olive groves were surveyed throughout the country over two years,
revealing a decrease in disease incidence, associated with scarcer rainfall and new cropping systems
using less susceptible cultivars. A collection of 212 isolates was obtained, and phylogenetic analyses
using a multi-locus sequencing approach (five and six loci in the acutatum and gloeosporioides species
complex, respectively) revealed the presence of seven Colletotrichum species within the collection.
Compared to surveys conducted in the first decade of the 21st century, the species composition
of olive anthracnose pathogens in Portugal remains mostly unchanged, with C. nymphaeae as the
prevalent species, followed by C. godetiae, but with C. acutatum geographically expanding and with
C. alienum and C. cigarro being reported for the first time as causal agents of olive anthracnose in
Portugal. A close attention to pathogen population shifts, in the context of climate change and
modification of cultivation systems, is fundamental for anticipating plant protection measures.
Olive Anthracnose in Portugal is still mostly caused by Colletotrichum nymphaeae, but C. acutatum is spreading and C. alienum and C. cigarro are reported for the first time
Publication . Cabral, Ana; Nascimento, Teresa; Azinheira, Helena; Loureiro, Andreia; Talhinhas, Pedro; Oliveira, Helena
Olive anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum fungi, is responsible for major fruit yield losses
and poor olive oil quality worldwide. In the Mediterranean basin, some Colletotrichum spp. appear to
be replacing others, possibly due to climate change and modification in cultural systems. To update
the situation in Portugal, 525 olive groves were surveyed throughout the country over two years,
revealing a decrease in disease incidence, associated with scarcer rainfall and new cropping systems
using less susceptible cultivars. A collection of 212 isolates was obtained, and phylogenetic analyses
using a multi-locus sequencing approach (five and six loci in the acutatum and gloeosporioides species
complex, respectively) revealed the presence of seven Colletotrichum species within the collection.
Compared to surveys conducted in the first decade of the 21st century, the species composition
of olive anthracnose pathogens in Portugal remains mostly unchanged, with C. nymphaeae as the
prevalent species, followed by C. godetiae, but with C. acutatum geographically expanding and with
C. alienum and C. cigarro being reported for the first time as causal agents of olive anthracnose in
Portugal. A close attention to pathogen population shifts, in the context of climate change and
modification of cultivation systems, is fundamental for anticipating plant protection measures.
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Programa de financiamento
DL 57/2016
Número da atribuição
DL 57/2016/CP1382/CT0014