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Madagascar’s Fluid Party System: Authoritarian legacies and an uneven playing field in an enduring competitive authoritarian regime1
Publication . Conduto, João; Sanches, Edalina
Party systems are expected to grow and mature with time; however, the case of Madagascar is one of high fluidity: parties and leaders rise and fall from one election to the next and there is a low entry cost for new contenders. This study explores the role of authoritarian legacies and elites’ efforts to skew the playing field as key factors for understanding why the Malagasy party system has failed to institutionalise since the start of the Third Republic. The findings show how leadership centralisation, ethnicity, personalism and clientelism shaped party formation during the authoritarian era and beyond; and also how incumbents’ attempts to create asymmetries in access to resources, media and law have been ineffective and successfully countervailed by the opposition.
Elections as vehicles for change? Explaining different outcomes of democratic performance and government alternation in Africa
Publication . Sanches, Edalina; Macuane, José Jaime
Does having more regular elections improve democratic performance in Africa? And
have elections transformed the patterns of alternation in government? To answer these
questions, two analyses are conducted drawing on an original dataset of 179 elections in
27 African countries, from the founding multiparty elections until 2019. The first tests
the effects of alternation in government on democratic performance and shows that while
alternation in government in the founding elections improves democratic performance,
opposition victories in subsequent elections do not produce democratic gains. The second
examines why alternation in government is more frequent in certain countries than in
others; and reveals that the odds of turnover are increased by alternation in government in
the founding elections, the level of political competition and the quality of elections. These
findings contribute to literature linking elections, democracy and turnover in Africa.
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Programa de financiamento
5876
Número da atribuição
UID/CPO/03122/2013