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Exploring the links between farming systems, biodiversity and ecosystem services at the landscape scale
Publication . Silva, João Pedro Ferreira da; Santos, José Manuel Osório de Barros de Lima e; Magalhães, Maria Manuela Raposo; Moreira, Francisco Manuel Ribeiro Ferraria
Agricultural landscapes in Europe are very diverse, ranging from traditional landscapes, characterized, for example, by low-intensity grazing in mountain areas, to landscapes dominated by intensive and specialized systems, characterized by little diversified production of plant products and/or animals and dependent on large amounts of inputs (e.g. agrochemicals, energy, water). This gradient of landscape patterns corresponds to different impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES).
The diversity of agricultural landscapes has attracted the interest of multiple investigations over time, but the complexity behind the decisions of multiple farmers across a landscape gives rise to many research questions. This thesis uses a systems approach and aims to be innovative in bringing together farmers' decisions, taken at the farm-level, and BES outcomes, produced at the landscape-level.
Through this approach, it also aims to deepen knowledge about the biophysical and socioeconomic factors that influence farmers' decisions. A better understanding of the role played by these factors in the genesis and dynamics of agricultural landscapes can help to increase knowledge about human/environment interactions, thus allowing for anticipating management decisions taken by farmers and, consequently, supporting the planning of more multifunctional landscapes and policy design focused on the provision of ecosystem services by agriculture.
This thesis consists of five chapters, the first of which corresponds to the general introduction and the fifth to the general discussion and conclusion. Between Chapter 1 and Chapter 5, three main chapters are developed in a scientific paper format, in which the aforementioned topics are investigated. The research presented in this thesis was carried out at various scales, from regional (Peneda-Gerês mountains and Alentejo) to national (Mainland Portugal).
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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SFRH/BD/109814/2015