The path to wolf populations’ isolation: a consequence of eco-geographical processes, human attitudes or human-shaped landscapes

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Publication . Lino, Sofia; Rosalino, Luís Miguel do Carmo; Fonseca, Carlos; Carvalho, João

European wolves are currently exposed to high levels of anthropogenic disturbance and mortality, limiting genetic connectivity between populations, and increasing the risk of inbreeding and genetic diversity loss. This thesis focuses on the northwestern Iberian wolf population, which underwent a severe bottleneck in the 1970s. While the Spanish wolf population managed to recover and expand, the Portuguese subset experienced continued decline, particularly in the region south of the Douro river, where reduced effective numbers, breeding instability, and isolation remain concerning. The overall goal of this thesis is to identify factors acting as barriers to connectivity within this subpopulation, employing a holistic approach. It begins with a literature review outlining previous studies' methodologies and main barriers to wolf connectivity in Europe, serving as a foundation for subsequent empirical analyses. These analyses delve into specific aspects of wolf ecology and conservation in the study area. One chapter focuses on livestock depredation events, addressing the challenges and implications of accurately identifying the predators involved. Another investigates wolf and free-ranging dog’s diets, shedding light on their patterns of prey consumption and livestock depredation, and its implications for wolf conservation. Next, human dimensions are explored to understand the socio-demographic factors and perceptions influencing human attitudes towards wolves. This understanding is crucial for developing effective coexistence strategies in a region where wolf persistence and survival is highly conditioned by anthropogenic factors. Finally, building on the previous findings, the final chapter examines functional connectivity by employing a landscape genetics approach to identify the main factors contributing to genetic distances between individuals. In conclusion, this thesis offers a comprehensive and up-to-date insight into the challenges faced by this threatened population, shedding light on potential factors hindering connectivity. This data may inform new evidence-based conservation strategies aimed at promoting wolves’ long-term persistence and connectivity south of the Douro.

2024-09Tese de doutoramento

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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

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SFRH/BD/147252/2019