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Projeto de investigação
Integration and international migration: pathways and integration policies
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Du national au municipal? Perspectives locales sur les politiques d’intégration en Israël
Publication . Desille, Amandine
Cet article analyse les tensions entre la politique nationale d’intégration des immigrés (juifs) en Israël, et l’interprétation locale de cette politique dans le cadre municipal. Si les autorités locales reproduisent des logiques d’État, l’analyse des politiques d’immigration et d’intégration de trois villes moyennes israéliennes entre 2013 et 2016 nous amène à constater deux ruptures par rapport à la politique nationale. La première est l’adoption d’une orientation multiculturelle, où les immigrés jouissent d’une plus grande liberté pour maintenir leurs pratiques socioculturelles. Résultat de tendances plus globales, de réformes de l’État israélien entamées dans les années 1980, de pressions politiques, et de la plus grande diversité démographique et culturelle du pays, cette nouvelle dimension de l’intégration rompt ainsi avec la dimension assimilationniste de la politique d’intégration israélienne telle qu’elle a été formulée lors des premières grandes vagues d’immigration. Les institutions locales sont donc plus ouvertes au multiculturalisme que l’idéologie nationale. La deuxième rupture est liée à l’injonction de développement économique qui pèse de plus en plus sur les autorités locales. Dans ce contexte, les acteurs de la ville mettent en place une politique locale afin de mieux contrôler les immigrés qu’ils accueillent. La municipalité s’émancipe en partie de l’obligation morale de l’accueil des immigrés juifs, et met en avant une politique d’immigration choisie.
Migrant spatial integration : pathways through Lisbon
Publication . Buhr, Franz Gustav; Fonseca, Maria Lucinda, 1956-; Carvalho, Jennifer Leigh McGarrigle Montezuma de; Dureau, Françoise
This doctoral thesis explores the notion of migrant spatial integration drawing from qualitative fieldwork carried out with migrants in Lisbon, Portugal. Departing from a critique of the scientific scholarship’s recurrent focus toward either the residential level of migrants’ urban integration or the affective/identity ties linking migrants to new territories, this thesis provides an alternative frame for the study of migrants’ relationships with urban space. It looks at spatial integration in terms of the construction and maintenance of relations of use and knowledge about the city and its resources. From this perspective, to ‘integrate’ urban space has to do with being able to navigate it and about being aware of its resources. The author argues that such a practical definition of spatial integration helps overcoming some of the scholarship’s perceived limitations, such as the residential bias, methodological nationalism, and the normativity often implicit in some integration accounts. At the same time, the proposed approach sheds light on migrants’ practical knowledges about urban space, acknowledging their active role as urban dwellers and their skills to manage life locally. The thesis develops its argument by recourse to two fundamental working-concepts: ‘becoming local’ and spatial apprenticeship. Through the first working-concept, the author invokes the figure of the ‘local’, understood as someone who inhabits a particular city and knows ‘how it works’, and raises the potentialities of thinking about migrants as ‘becoming locals’. By doing that, we are given a window into the practical strategies migrants resort to in order to manipulate the urban form to their own purposes and needs. As for spatial apprenticeship, the second working-concept, the author argues that it captures the diversity of urban expertise accumulated by migrant urbanites resulting from both the embodied and intersectional nature of migrants’ spatial practices and the dynamics of urban change and the specificities of cities. Finally, the thesis sustains that looking at the articulation between learning a city and putting that practical savoir-faire into practice is fundamental if we are to understand the ways migrants have managed the making of urban livelihoods together with the urgency for settlement, finding work, and making personal connections.
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European Commission
Programa de financiamento
FP7
Número da atribuição
316796