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Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Culicoides (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) in Portugal and comparison of the effect of pyrethroid insecticides in their control
Publication . Ramilo, David Wilson Russo; Sampaio, Isabel Maria Soares Pereira da Fonseca de; Curdi, Javier Lucientes
Culicoides genus is of major importance in animal and human health since hematophagous females are vectors of several pathogens, like viruses (Bluetongue, African Horse Sickness and Schmallenberg) and filarial nematodes, among others. As a consequence, female biting midges are responsible for huge economical losses worldwide. A deeper knowledge of Culicoides fauna present in each country and their ecological preferences is required, so different control strategies can be applied efficiently.
The present work was based on Culicoides species captures during the National Entomologic Surveillance Program for Bluetongue disease in mainland Portugal and Azores and Madeira archipelagos (2005-2013), using miniature CDC light traps, and in 2015, with OVI traps, in the framework of VectorNet European network.
Biting midges were evaluated phenotypically and genetically, showing the variation of Culicoides species in Portuguese territory. Twenty-two Culicoides species were mentioned for the first time in Portugal, including C. dewulfi and C. montanus in mainland Portugal and species of Obsoletus group in the islands of Azores archipelago where they were never reported, as well as a description of Culicoides paradoxalis, a new species for science. Moreover, a detailed study focused the morphology, genetics and ecology of Obsoletus group, showing that the distribution of those species was unequal in mainland Portugal. Plus, a redefinition of the 3rd palpus segment length/width ratio and spermathecae size intervals, aiming Obsoletus group species identification, together with the reference of anatomical aberrations in these species, was performed, allowing the reduction of errors during midges studies. An identification key for all known Portuguese midges was also created.
In this thesis, elaboration of risk assessment maps based on the association of some abiotic variables with the occurrence of C. imicola, C. pulicaris, C. punctatus, C. newsteadi and species from Obsoletus group in mainland Portugal were also performed.
Finally, evaluation of C. imicola morphological modifications in sensorial organs localized in the 3rd palpus segment, used for host detection, was performed after an assay with pyrethroid insecticides (permethrin and deltamethrin) at different concentrations, showing complete destruction of sensorial organs with probable feeding implications.
The results presented in this scientific work contributed to a better knowledge of Culicoides genus in Portugal, being some of them of worldwide relevance.
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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5876
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PEst-OE/AGR/UI0276/2014