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Spontaneous Flora as Reservoir for the Survival and Spread of the Almond Anthracnose Pathogen (Colletotrichum godetiae) in Intensive Almond Orchards
Publication . Ramos, Madalena; Maurício, Rodrigo; Sousa, Vicelina; Talhinhas, Pedro
Almond anthracnose, primarily caused by Colletotrichum godetiae, severely affects
intensively irrigated almond orchards. This polyphagous pathogen is dispersed
among plants by rain splashes. Consequently, weeds may contribute to the survival and
dispersal of the inoculum during the almond tree’s dormant period. This study investigated
how C. godetiae interacts with plants from various species in the spontaneous flora
of almond orchards and how these plant species may influence the maintenance and
spread of inoculum and the disease. After inoculating a collection of plants with C. godetiae
conidia, it was observed that the fungus can cause symptoms and signs on Lathyrus tingitanus
and on Trifolium pratense and act as an epiphyte with the ability to maintain and multiply
conidia on Conyza canadensis, Medicago orbicularis, Polygonum aviculare, Scorpiurus sulcatus,
Taraxacum officinale, and Trifolium vesiculosum, thus contributing to the survival and
multiplication of the inoculum. Conidia germinated and produced appressoria on Andryala
integrifolia, Cichorium intybus, Medicago polymorpha, Medicago sativa, Torilis arvensis,
Picris echioides, and Rumex pulcher, but no further development was detected, suggesting
that these plants may limit the spread of the pathogen. A better understanding of the susceptibility
of almond orchard flora will support optimized vegetation management to reduce
inoculum reservoirs.
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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OE
Número da atribuição
2021.05854.BD