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- University students perceptions of campus climate, cyberbullying and cultural issues: implications for theory and practicePublication . Souza, Sidclay B.; Veiga Simão, Ana; Ferreira, Aristides I.; Ferreira, PaulaThis study investigated the influence of campus climate dimensions, namely newcomer adjustment and feelings of well-being on the tendency for victims of cyberbullying to become aggressors, and how cultural issues could influence students’ involvement in situations of cyberbullying. Participants included 979 Portuguese and Brazilian university students who responded to the Cyberbullying Inventory for College Students and the Institutional and Psychosocial Campus Climate Inventory. Moderation analyses revealed that the relationship between being a victim and being an aggressor of cyberbullying was influenced by variables of the psychosocial campus climate and cultural aspects. Student victims from Brazil showed a significant tendency to become aggressors, independently of their level of newcomer adjustment and feelings of well-being, whereas the victims from Portugal tended to break the cycle between being a victim and being an aggressor. Implications for future research, preventive practices and university policies are discussed.
- It is Typical of Teenagers : When Teachers Morally Disengage from CyberbullyingPublication . Pereira, Nádia Salgado; Ferreira, Paula; Veiga Simão, Ana; Cardoso, Andreia; Barros, Alexandra; Marques-Pinto, A.; Ferreira, Aristides I.; Primor, Ana Cláudia; Vasques Carvalhal, SaraTeachers can contribute to preventing and solving cyberbullying situations. Therefore, it is relevant to investigate what may influence their involvement and actions concerning this phenomenon. A first study analyze teachers’ definitions of cyberbullying, how they would intervene and feel morally implicated with the phenomenon. A second study aimed to investigate the association between teachers’ being aware of cyberbullying and their perceived severity, moral disengagement with the phenomenon, perceived performance to solve such situations and their acquired knowledge about cyberbullying. Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted in the first study with 25 to 65-year-old teachers. An online inventory was answered in study two by 541 middle and high school teachers (Mage = 50, SD = 7). A thematic analysis from the first study revealed that most teachers did not report repetition of behavior, power imbalance, intentionality to harm, and occurrence among peers as defining features of cyberbullying. Also, strategies they would use to intervene mainly focused on reporting the incident. Moreover, moral disengagement mechanisms were found in teachers’ discourse, which contribute to displacing responsibility for intervening and perceiving cyberbullying as less severe. In the second study, path analysis revealed that teachers’ awareness of cyberbullying among their students was positively associated with moral disengagement and acquired knowledge of the phenomenon. The mediating role of acquired knowledge of cyberbullying was significant between being aware of cyberbullying and teachers’ perceived severity of the situation, moral disengagement, and perceived performance to solve these situations. These findings highlight the relevance of developing cyberbullying training actions involving teachers.
- Responsive bystander behaviour in cyberbullying: a path through self-efficacyPublication . Ferreira, Paula; Veiga Simão, Ana; Paiva, A.; Ferreira, Aristides I.Bystander behaviour and self-efficacy beliefs play an important role in cyberbullying incidence. This study tested the relationship between the Bystander Intervention Model phases and the mediating role of adolescents’ self-efficacy beliefs. Children from the fifth to twelfth grade (N = 676) participated in this study by responding to questionnaires concerning the various phases of the Bystander Intervention Model and self-efficacy beliefs to resolve cyberbullying-related problems. Through structural equation modelling, noticing an incident of cyberbullying had a direct and indirect effect on aggressive behaviour, and an indirect effect on reporting and problem-solving behaviour. The indirect effect of interpreting the event through attributing responsibility was significant for aggressive and problem-solving behaviour. The mediator role of reflective decision-making had a stronger effect on direct problem-solving. Self-efficacy beliefs significantly affected the relationship between interpreting the event and all behaviour, but stronger for direct problem-solving. These findings help explain empirically how bystanders respond to incidents of cyberbullying.
- The role of professional calling and student cyberbullying on teachers’ presenteeism and productivity lossPublication . Ferreira, Aristides I.; Almeida, Inês Tomás Ribeiro de; Ferreira, Paula; Salgado Pereira, Nádia; Veiga Simão, Ana; Marques-Pinto, A.; Barros, AlexandraThe teaching profession has always been recognized as one that requires a greater vocational calling. However, education professionals have had to adapt to and manage phenomenons which have arisen due to more demanding work contexts that require them to participate in work, even when they are ill (presenteeism), and to a global-wide digital transformation. Such phenomenons include cyberbullying, which has proliferated in school environments. It is crucial to understand the impact this type of phenomenon can have on these professionals. Accordingly, the main objective of this study was to identify the needs felt by teachers to deal effectively with incidents of cyberbullying and its potential impact on and reduce presenteeism. Two studies were developed, with the intention that the hypotheses posed by the quantitative study could be enriched with the inferences drawn from the qualitative study. A sample of 542 middle school teachers responded to questionnaires and 63 participated in interviews. The results showed that teachers’ professional calling led to a lower loss of productivity, due to a lower frequency of presenteeism. This effect was more pronounced in the presence of cyberbullying observation. This study provides a contribution to the calling and presenteeism literature since it focuses on the impact of observing cyberbullying on sickness presence. It is relevant because by knowing the demands that teachers feel and the resources they lack, it is possible to implement tailored intervention and prevention programs to help professionals deal with cyberbullying.
- Student bystander behavior and cultural issues in cyberbullying: When actions speak louder than wordsPublication . Ferreira, Paula; Veiga Simão, Ana; Ferreira, Aristides I.; Souza, Sidclay B.; Francisco, SofiaThis study aims to investigate whether student bystander interventions can influence the relationship between being a bystander of a cyberbullying incident and being the victim or the aggressor. Another aim is to understand the specific behavior presented by students bystanders, namely whether they noticed incidents of cyberbullying and interpreted these events as an emergency and which actions they determined as being appropriate in providing assistance. Following a cross-cultural perspective to reach these aims, a total of 788 Portuguese and Brazilian college students answered to the Cyberbullying Inventory for College Students. Moderation analysis revealed that intervening moderated the relationship between being the bystander of cyberbullying and being the victim and/or aggressor. A three-way interaction showed that this relationship was stronger in Brazilian students, revealing that the bystanders who were inactive were more likely to also become a victim or an aggressor themselves, whereas those who intervened were less likely to become a victim or an aggressor. Implications for future research and interventive action are discussed.