Browsing by Author "Ramos, Jaime A."
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- Co‐developing guidance for conservation: An example for seabirds in the North‐East Atlantic in the face of climate change impactsPublication . Häkkinen, Henry; Taylor, Nigel G.; Pettorelli, Nathalie; Sutherland, William J.; Aldará, Jón; Anker‐Nilssen, Tycho; Aulert, Christophe; van Bemmelen, Rob S. A.; Burnell, Daisy; Cadiou, Bernard; Campioni, Letizia; Clark, Bethany L.; Dehnhard, Nina; Dias, Maria P.; Enners, Leonie; Furness, Robert W.; Hallgrímsson, Gunnar Þór; Hammer, Sjúrður; Hansen, Erpur Snær; Hario, Martti; Hurling, Stephen; Jessopp, Mark; Kleinschmidt, Birgit; Leivits, Meelis; Maniszewska, Klaudyna; Oppel, Steffen; Payo‐Payo, Ana; Piec, Daniel; Ramos, Jaime A.; Robin, Frédéric; Sørensen, Iben Hove; Stīpniece, Antra; Thompson, Danielle L.; Vulcano, Antonio; Petrovan, SilviuConservation guidance—an authoritative source of information and recommendations explicitly supporting decision-making and action regarding nature conservation—represents an important tool to communicate evidence-based advice to conservation actors. Given the rapidly increasing pressure that climate change poses to biodiversity, producing accessible, well-informed guidance on how to best manage the impacts and risks of changing climatic conditions is particularly urgent. Guidance documents should ideally be produced with multistage input from stakeholders who are likely to use and implement such advice; however, this step can be complicated and costly, and remains largely unformalized. Moreover, there is currently little direct evidence synthesized for actions that specifically target climate change and guidance remains largely absent. Here, we introduce a process for co-developing guidance for species conservation in the face of climate change, using seabirds in the North-East Atlantic as a case study. Specifically, we collated evidence on climate change vulnerability and possible conservation actions using literature synthesis, stakeholder surveys, and ecological modeling. This evidence base was then discussed, refined, and expanded using structured stakeholder workshops. We summarize the knowledge gained through stakeholder engagement and provide recommendations for future international efforts to co-produce conservation guidance for managing wildlife, in the context of a rapidly changing climate.
- Fatty acids composition in yellow-legged (Larus michahellis) and lesser black-backed (Larus fuscus) gulls from natural and urban habitats in relation to the ingestion of anthropogenic materialsPublication . Lopes, Catarina S.; Antunes, Raquel C. C.; Paiva, Vitor H.; Goncalves, Ana M. M.; Correia, Jorge Manuel de Jesus; Ramos, Jaime A.Urban habitats offer spatially and temporally predictable anthropogenic food sources for opportunistic species, such as several species of gulls that are known to exploit urban areas and take advantage of accessible and diverse food sources, reducing foraging time and energy expenditure. However, human-derived food may have a poorer nutritional quality than the typical natural food resources and foraging in urban habitats may increase birds' susceptibility of ingesting anthropogenic debris materials, with unknown physiological consequences for urban dwellers. Here we compare the fatty acids (FA) composition of two opportunistic gull species (the yellow-legged gull, Larus michahellis, and the lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus) from areas with different levels of urbanization, to assess differences in birds' diet quality among foraging habitats, and we investigate the effects of ingesting anthropogenic materials, a toxicological stressor, on gulls' FA composition. Using GC–MS, 23 FAs were identified in the adipose tissue of both gull species. Significant differences in gulls' FA composition were detected among the three urbanization levels, mainly due to physiologically important highly unsaturated FAs that had lower percentages in gulls from the most urbanized habitats, consistent with a diet based on anthropogenic food resources. The deficiency in omega (ω)-3 FAs and the higher ω-6:ω-3 FAs ratio in gulls from the most urbanized location may indicate a dietinduced susceptibility to inflammation. No significant differences in overall FA composition were detected between gull species.While we were unable to detect any effect of ingested anthropogenic materials on gulls' FA composition, these data constitute a valuable contribution to the limited FA literature in gulls.We encourage studies to explore the long-term physiological effects of the lower nutritional quality diet for urban dwellers, and to detect the sub-lethal impacts of the ingestion of anthropogenic materials
- Global assessment of marine plastic exposure risk for oceanic birdsPublication . Clark, Bethany L.; Carneiro, Ana P. B.; Pearmain, Elizabeth J.; Rouyer, Marie-Morgane; Clay, Thomas A.; Cowger, Win; Phillips, Richard A.; Manica, Andrea; Hazin, Carolina; Eriksen, Marcus; González-Solís, Jacob; Adams, Josh; Albores-Barajas, Yuri V.; Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Alho, Maria Saldanha; Araujo, Deusa Teixeira; Arcos, José Manuel; Arnould, John P. Y.; Barbosa, Nadito J. P.; Barbraud, Christophe; Beard, Annalea M.; Beck, Jessie; Bell, Elizabeth A.; Bennet, Della G.; Berlincourt, Maud; Biscoito, Manuel; Bjørnstad, Oskar K.; Bolton, Mark; Booth Jones, Katherine A.; Borg, John J.; Bourgeois, Karen; Bretagnolle, Vincent; Bried, Joël; Briskie, James V.; Brooke, M. de L.; Brownlie, Katherine C.; Bugoni, Leandro; Calabrese, Licia; Campioni, Letizia; Carey, Mark J.; Carle, Ryan D.; Carlile, Nicholas; Carreiro, Ana R.; Catry, Paulo; Catry, Teresa; Cecere, Jacopo G.; Ceia, Filipe R.; Cherel, Yves; Choi, Chang-Yong; Cianchetti-Benedetti, Marco; Clarke, Rohan H.; Cleeland, Jaimie B.; Colodro, Valentina; Congdon, Bradley C.; Danielsen, Jóhannis; De Pascalis, Federico; Deakin, Zoe; Dehnhard, Nina; Dell’Omo, Giacomo; Delord, Karine; Descamps, Sébastien; Dilley, Ben J.; Dinis, Herculano A.; Dubos, Jerome; Dunphy, Brendon J.; Emmerson, Louise M.; Fagundes, Ana Isabel; Fayet, Annette L.; Felis, Jonathan J.; Fischer, Johannes H.; Freeman, Amanda N. D.; Fromant, Aymeric; Gaibani, Giorgia; García, David; Gjerdrum, Carina; Gomes, Ivandra Soeli Gonçalves Correia; Forero, Manuela G.; Granadeiro, José P.; Grecian, W. James; Grémillet, David; Guilford, Tim; Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Thor; Halpin, Luke R.; Hansen, Erpur Snær; Hedd, April; Helberg, Morten; Helgason, Halfdan H.; Henry, Leeann M.; Hereward, Hannah F. R.; Hernandez-Montero, Marcos; Hindell, Mark A.; Hodum, Peter J.; Imperio, Simona; Jaeger, Audrey; Jessopp, Mark; Jodice, Patrick G. R.; Jones, Carl G.; Jones, Christopher W.; Jónsson, Jón Einar; Kane, Adam; Kapelj, Sven; Kim, Yuna; Kirk, Holly; Kolbeinsson, Yann; Kraemer, Philipp L.; Krüger, Lucas; Lago, Paulo; Landers, Todd J.; Lavers, Jennifer L.; Le Corre, Matthieu; Leal, Andreia; Louzao, Maite; Madeiros, Jeremy; Magalhães, Maria; Mallory, Mark L.; Masello, Juan F.; Massa, Bruno; Matsumoto, Sakiko; McDuie, Fiona; McFarlane Tranquilla, Laura; Medrano, Fernando; Metzger, Benjamin J.; Militão, Teresa; Montevecchi, William A.; Montone, Rosalinda C.; Navarro-Herrero, Leia; Neves, Verónica C.; Nicholls, David G.; Nicoll, Malcolm A. C.; Norris, Ken; Oppel, Steffen; Oro, Daniel; Owen, Ellie; Padget, Oliver; Paiva, Vitor H.; Pala, David; Pereira, Jorge M.; Péron, Clara; Petry, Maria V.; de Pina, Admilton; Pina, Ariete T. Moreira; Pinet, Patrick; Pistorius, Pierre A.; Pollet, Ingrid L.; Porter, Benjamin J.; Poupart, Timothée A.; Powell, Christopher D. L.; Proaño, Carolina B.; Pujol-Casado, Júlia; Quillfeldt, Petra; Quinn, John L.; Raine, Andre F.; Raine, Helen; Ramírez, Iván; Ramos, Jaime A.; Ramos, Raül; Ravache, Andreas; Rayner, Matt J.; Reid, Timothy A.; Robertson, Gregory J.; Rocamora, Gerard J.; Rollinson, Dominic P.; Ronconi, Robert A.; Rotger, Andreu; Rubolini, Diego; Ruhomaun, Kevin; Ruiz, Asunción; Russell, James C.; Ryan, Peter G.; Saldanha, Sarah; Sanz-Aguilar, Ana; Sardà-Serra, Mariona; Satgé, Yvan G.; Sato, Katsufumi; Schäfer, Wiebke C.; Schoombie, Stefan; Shaffer, Scott A.; Shah, Nirmal; Shoji, Akiko; Shutler, Dave; Sigurðsson, Ingvar A.; Silva, Monica C.; Small, Alison E.; Soldatini, Cecilia; Strøm, Hallvard; Surman, Christopher A.; Takahashi, Akinori; Tatayah, Vikash R. V.; Taylor, Graeme A.; Thomas, Robert J.; Thompson, David R.; Thompson, Paul M.; Thórarinsson, Thorkell L.; Vicente-Sastre, Diego; Vidal, Eric; Wakefield, Ewan D.; Waugh, Susan M.; Weimerskirch, Henri; Wittmer, Heiko U.; Yamamoto, Takashi; Yoda, Ken; Zavalaga, Carlos B.; Zino, Francis J.; Dias, Maria P.Plastic pollution is distributed patchily around the world’s oceans. Likewise, marine organisms that are vulnerable to plastic ingestion or entanglement have uneven distributions. Understanding where wildlife encounters plastic is crucial for targeting research and mitigation. Oceanic seabirds, particularly petrels, frequently ingest plastic, are highly threatened, and cover vast distances during foraging and migration. However, the spatial overlap between petrels and plastics is poorly understood. Here we combine marine plastic density estimates with individual movement data for 7137 birds of 77 petrel species to estimate relative exposure risk. We identify high exposure risk areas in the Mediterranean and Black seas, and the northeast Pacific, northwest Pacific, South Atlantic and southwest Indian oceans. Plastic exposure risk varies greatly among species and populations, and between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Exposure risk is disproportionately high for Threatened species. Outside the Mediterranean and Black seas, exposure risk is highest in the high seas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of the USA, Japan, and the UK. Birds generally had higher plastic exposure risk outside the EEZ of the country where they breed. We identify conservation and research priorities, and highlight that international collaboration is key to addressing the impacts of marine plastic on wide-ranging species.
- Quantifying annual spatial consistency in chick-rearing seabirds to inform important site identificationPublication . Beal, Martin; Catry, Paulo; Phillips, Richard A.; Oppel, Steffen; Arnould, John P.Y.; Bogdanova, Maria I.; Bolton, Mark; Carneiro, Ana P.B.; Clatterbuck, Corey; Conners, Melinda; Daunt, Francis; Delord, Karine; Elliott, Kyle; Fromant, Aymeric; Granadeiro, José Pedro; Green, Jonathan A.; Halsey, Lewis; Hamer, Keith C.; Ito, Motohiro; Jeavons, Ruth; Kim, Jeong-Hoon; Kokubun, Nobuo; Koyama, Shiho; Lane, Jude V.; Lee, Won Young; Matsumoto, Sakiko; Orben, Rachael A.; Owen, Ellie; Paiva, Vitor H.; Patterson, Allison; Pollock, Christopher J.; Ramos, Jaime A.; Sagar, Paul; Sato, Katsufumi; Shaffer, Scott A.; Soanes, Louise; Takahashi, Akinori; Thompson, David R.; Thorne, Lesley; Torres, Leigh; Watanuki, Yutaka; Waugh, Susan M.; Weimerskirch, Henri; Whelan, Shannon; Yoda, Ken; Xavier, José C.; Dias, Maria P.Animal tracking has afforded insights into patterns of space use in numerous species and thereby informed area-based conservation planning. A crucial consideration when estimating spatial distributions from tracking data is whether the sample of tracked animals is representative of the wider population. However, it may also be important to track animals in multiple years to capture changes in distribution in response to varying environmental conditions. Using GPS-tracking data from 23 seabird species, we assessed the importance of multi-year sampling for identifying important sites for conservation during the chick-rearing period, when seabirds are most spatially constrained. We found a high degree of spatial overlap among distributions from different years in most species. Multi-year sampling often captured a significantly higher portion of reference distributions (based on all data for a population) than sampling in a single year. However, we estimated that data from a single year would on average miss only 5 % less of the full distribution of a population compared to equal-sized samples collected across three years (min: −0.3 %, max: 17.7 %, n = 23). Our results suggest a key consideration for identifying important sites from tracking data is whether enough individuals were tracked to provide a representative estimate of the population distribution during the sampling period, rather than that tracking necessarily take place in multiple years. By providing an unprecedented multi-species perspective on annual spatial consistency, this work has relevance for the application of tracking data to informing the conservation of seabirds.
- The upsizing of the São Tomé seed dispersal network by introduced animalsPublication . Heleno, Ruben H.; Mendes, Filipa; Coelho, Ana P.; Ramos, Jaime A.; M. Palmeirim, Jorge; Rainho, Ana; F. De Lima, RicardoBiological invasions are a major threat to global biodiversity with particularly deleterious consequences on oceanic islands. The introduction of large terrestrial animals – generally absent on islands – can disrupt important ecosystem functions, such as the dispersal of native seeds. However, while the consequences of plant invasions received much attention, the potential of introduced animals to change insular seed dispersal networks remains largely unknown. Here, we collated evidence from five sampling methods to assemble qualitative and quantitative, multi-guild seed dispersal network for the island of São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea) and explore whether native and introduced seed dispersers consistently differ in their topological roles, in their gape width and in the size of the dispersed seeds. Our network included 428 interactions between 23 dispersers (14 birds, 2 bats, 1 snake and 6 non-flying mammals) and 133 plant species. Each method (direct observations, identification of seeds in droppings and stomachs, questionnaires and literature review) was particularly informative for a small group of dispersers, thus rendering largely complementary information. Native and introduced dispersers did not differ in their topological position in either qualitative or quantitative networks (linkage level, specialization d' and species strength). However, introduced dispersers tend to have much larger gape widths and to disperse significantly larger seeds. Our results point to a general upsizing of the seed dispersal network in the island of São Tomé driven by the recent arrival of large, introduced animals. We argue that this pattern is likely common on other oceanic islands where introduced dispersers might counteract the general pattern of seed dispersal downsizing resulting from the selective extinction of larger animals.