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Os maiores avanços nesta área resultaram do estudo, por métodos não invasivos, das alterações associadas a lesões estruturais do cérebro em diversas patologias. Mais recentemente tornou-se possivel estudar as alterações neurofisiológicas e vasculares associadas a tarefas experimentais. Em qualquer dos casos a possibilidade de mapear no espaço e tempo as lesões ou as activações fisiológicas é de fundamental importância. As técnicas de mapeamento funcional não invasivo actualmente disponiveis apresentam significativas limitações, sendo que o EEG e MEG são as que apresentam melhor resolução temporal (milisegundos), enquanto a RMf apresenta a melhor resolução espacial (milimetros). Na presente tese caracterizamos o potencial do mapeamento funcional por EEG, bem como as vantagens e limitações do registo simultâneo EEG/RMf, num modelo patológico da actividade cerebral humana. O mapeamento funcional nas epilepsias occipitais idiopáticas ilustra a necessidade da análise dinâmica detalhada da propagação da actividade paroxística, as vantagens de uma boa amostragem espacial do EEG, bem como o contributo adicional dos registos EEG/RMf. Na epilepsia associada aos Hamartomas Hipotalâmicos ilustra-se a excelente complementaridade entre a RMf e o EEG para caracterizar a dinâmica espacio-temporal e cortico-subcortical da actividade neuronal. Nas epilepsias submetidas a cirurgia da epilepsia validou-se metodologia de resolução do problema inverso em EEG num tipo particular de patologia cerebral (Esclerose Tuberosa), e estudou-se a concordância entre o EEG e a RMf da actividade epiléptica. Conclui-se que a capacidade do EEG para detectar e seguir as rápidas modificações do estado funcional das redes neuronais lhe confere um papel da maior relevância entre as metodologias de mapeamento funcional. A RMf, efectuada concomitantemente, melhora a localização espacial da actividade neuronal e revela o importante contributo de áreas subcorticais.</dcterms:abstract><dcterms:abstract>Ethical limitations to human research prevent the use of the experimental methods widely used in animal physiology to the study of brain function in man. The major advances in the area resulted from non-invasive studies of functional changes associated with structural brain lesions in various pathologies. Recent technological advances allowed detection of neurophysiological and vascular changes associated with experimental behavioral tasks. In either case, the ability to map in space and time the lesions and physiological activations is of fundamental importance. The available non-invasive functional mapping techniques have nevertheless significant methodological limitations. Among these techniques the EEG and MEG have the best temporal resolution (milliseconds), while fMRI has the best spatial resolution (millimeters). In the present thesis we study, in a pathological model of human brain function, the characteristics of functional brain mapping through EEG, as well as the advantages and limitations of the simultaneous EEG/fMRI recording. The functional mapping in idiopathic occipital lobe epilepsies illustrates the necessity of a detailed dynamical analysis of propagation of paroxysmal activity, the advantages of a good EEG spatial sampling, as well as the additional contribution of EEG/fMRI recording. In the epilepsies associated with hypothalamic hamartomas the synergy between fMRI and EEG to characterize the spatial-temporal and cortical-subcortical brain dynamics is demonstrated. In epilepsy cases submitted to epilepsy surgery, a method to solve the inverse problem in EEG was validated in patients with Tuberous Sclerosis, and the degree of concordance between EEG and fMRI studied. We conclude that the EEG ability to detect and follow the fast functional changes in state of brain networks gives it a role of the highest importance among functional brain mapping methods. The fMRI, recorded simultaneously, improves the spatial localization of the neuronal activity and highlights the contribution of subcortical areas.</dcterms:abstract><dc:subject>Bioquímica</dc:subject><dc:subject>Teses de doutoramento - 2008</dc:subject></record>]]></value></md></mds><relations/><stream_ref><file_name>16672_Tese_final_26-8-2008.pdf</file_name><file_extension>pdf</file_extension><mime_type>application/pdf</mime_type><directory_path>/digitool_storage/deposit-master/2008/11/18/file_1/16672</directory_path><file_id xsi:nil="true" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"/><storage_id>1006</storage_id><external_type>-1</external_type><file_size_bytes>23321408</file_size_bytes></stream_ref></xb:digital_entity></xb:digital_entity_call>